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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
158 questions in 9 reviews · Pain control and patient management
current versionsNo studies 158 · 100%Ungraded 0 · 0%Very low 0 · 0%Low 0 · 0%Moderate 0 · 0%High 0 · 0%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Counter-stimulation and distraction (combined) vs Conventional treatment Patient satisfaction: measured by questionnaires · Children and adolescents having dental treatment under local anaesthetic without general anaesthesia · During LA Interventions for increasing acceptance of local anaesthetic in children and adolescents having dental… (2020) · Cochrane | Patient satisfaction: included studies did not report on this outcome | NR | No studies |
Video modelling acclimatisation for LA vs Oral hygiene video Patient satisfaction: measured by questionnaires · Children and adolescents having dental treatment under local anaesthetic without general anaesthesia · In advance of LA Interventions for increasing acceptance of local anaesthetic in children and adolescents having dental… (2020) · Cochrane | Patient satisfaction: included studies did not report on this outcome | NR | No studies |
Camouflage syringe vs Conventional syringe Successful LA/painless treatment · Children and adolescents having dental treatment under local anaesthetic without general anaesthesia · During LA (injection is the intervention) Interventions for increasing acceptance of local anaesthetic in children and adolescents having dental… (2020) · Cochrane | Successful LA/painless treatment: included studies did not report on this outcome | NR | No studies |
Video modelling acclimatisation vs Acclimatisation in clinic (tell-show-do) Completion of dental treatment · Children and adolescents having dental treatment under local anaesthetic without general anaesthesia · In advance of LA Interventions for increasing acceptance of local anaesthetic in children and adolescents having dental… (2020) · Cochrane | Completion of dental treatment: included studies did not report on this outcome | NR | No studies |
The wand (computer-controlled LA delivery system) vs Traditional local anaesthetic Completion of dental treatment · Children and adolescents having dental treatment under local anaesthetic without general anaesthesia · During LA (injection is the intervention) Interventions for increasing acceptance of local anaesthetic in children and adolescents having dental… (2020) · Cochrane | Completion of dental treatment: included studies did not report on this outcome | NR | No studies |
Acupressure at P6 point with sea band plus sedation vs Sham (dummy) acupressure with sedation Adverse effects · People (older than four years) classified as having gagging that interfered with dental treatment; included trials… Management of gag reflex for patients undergoing dental treatment (2019) · Cochrane | None of the trials comparing acupressure with thumb, device or sea band to sham acupressure with or without sedation reported adverse effects. | 0 studies | No studies |
Acupressure at P6 point with sea band vs Sham (dummy) acupressure Adverse effects · People (older than four years) classified as having gagging that interfered with dental treatment; included trials… Management of gag reflex for patients undergoing dental treatment (2019) · Cochrane | None of the trials comparing acupressure with thumb, device or sea band to sham acupressure with or without sedation reported adverse effects. | 0 studies | No studies |
Laser (low-level laser) at P6 point vs Control (sham/dummy laser) Completion of dental treatment · People (older than four years) classified as having gagging that interfered with dental treatment; included trials… Management of gag reflex for patients undergoing dental treatment (2019) · Cochrane | Completion of dental treatment: none of the trials reported this outcome. | 0 studies | No studies |
Acupressure at P6 point with sea band plus sedation vs Sham (dummy) acupressure with sedation Presence or absence of gagging · People (older than four years) classified as having gagging that interfered with dental treatment; included trials… Management of gag reflex for patients undergoing dental treatment (2019) · Cochrane | None of the trials comparing acupressure with thumb, device or sea band to sham acupressure with or without sedation reported presence or absence of gagging. | 0 studies | No studies |
Acupressure at P6 point with device vs Sham (dummy) acupressure Adverse effects · People (older than four years) classified as having gagging that interfered with dental treatment; included trials… Management of gag reflex for patients undergoing dental treatment (2019) · Cochrane | None of the trials comparing acupressure with thumb, device or sea band to sham acupressure with or without sedation reported adverse effects. | 0 studies | No studies |
Acupressure at P6 point with device plus sedation vs Sham (dummy) acupressure with sedation Adverse effects · People (older than four years) classified as having gagging that interfered with dental treatment; included trials… Management of gag reflex for patients undergoing dental treatment (2019) · Cochrane | None of the trials comparing acupressure with thumb, device or sea band to sham acupressure with or without sedation reported adverse effects. | 0 studies | No studies |
Acupressure at P6 point with thumb plus sedation vs Sham (dummy) acupressure with sedation Presence or absence of gagging · People (older than four years) classified as having gagging that interfered with dental treatment; included trials… Management of gag reflex for patients undergoing dental treatment (2019) · Cochrane | None of the trials comparing acupressure with thumb, device or sea band to sham acupressure with or without sedation reported presence or absence of gagging. | 0 studies | No studies |
Acupressure at P6 point with device plus sedation vs Sham (dummy) acupressure with sedation Presence or absence of gagging · People (older than four years) classified as having gagging that interfered with dental treatment; included trials… Management of gag reflex for patients undergoing dental treatment (2019) · Cochrane | None of the trials comparing acupressure with thumb, device or sea band to sham acupressure with or without sedation reported presence or absence of gagging. | 0 studies | No studies |
Laser (low-level laser) at P6 point vs Control (sham/dummy laser) Adverse effects · People (older than four years) classified as having gagging that interfered with dental treatment; included trials… Management of gag reflex for patients undergoing dental treatment (2019) · Cochrane | Adverse effects: none of the trials reported adverse effects. | 0 studies | No studies |
Acupressure at P6 point with thumb plus sedation vs Sham (dummy) acupressure with sedation Adverse effects · People (older than four years) classified as having gagging that interfered with dental treatment; included trials… Management of gag reflex for patients undergoing dental treatment (2019) · Cochrane | None of the trials comparing acupressure with thumb, device or sea band to sham acupressure with or without sedation reported adverse effects. | 0 studies | No studies |
Acupressure at P6 point with thumb vs Sham (dummy) acupressure Presence or absence of gagging · People (older than four years) classified as having gagging that interfered with dental treatment; included trials… Management of gag reflex for patients undergoing dental treatment (2019) · Cochrane | None of the trials comparing acupressure with thumb, device or sea band to sham acupressure with or without sedation reported presence or absence of gagging. | 0 studies | No studies |
Acupressure at P6 point with sea band vs Sham (dummy) acupressure Presence or absence of gagging · People (older than four years) classified as having gagging that interfered with dental treatment; included trials… Management of gag reflex for patients undergoing dental treatment (2019) · Cochrane | None of the trials comparing acupressure with thumb, device or sea band to sham acupressure with or without sedation reported presence or absence of gagging. | 0 studies | No studies |
Acupuncture at P6 point vs Sham acupuncture Presence or absence of gagging · People (older than four years) classified as having gagging that interfered with dental treatment; included trials… Management of gag reflex for patients undergoing dental treatment (2019) · Cochrane | Presence or absence of gagging: none of the trials reported this outcome. | 0 studies | No studies |
Acupressure at P6 point with thumb vs Sham (dummy) acupressure Adverse effects · People (older than four years) classified as having gagging that interfered with dental treatment; included trials… Management of gag reflex for patients undergoing dental treatment (2019) · Cochrane | None of the trials comparing acupressure with thumb, device or sea band to sham acupressure with or without sedation reported adverse effects. | 0 studies | No studies |
Acupressure at P6 point with device vs Sham (dummy) acupressure Presence or absence of gagging · People (older than four years) classified as having gagging that interfered with dental treatment; included trials… Management of gag reflex for patients undergoing dental treatment (2019) · Cochrane | None of the trials comparing acupressure with thumb, device or sea band to sham acupressure with or without sedation reported presence or absence of gagging. | 0 studies | No studies |
Acupuncture at P6 point with sedation vs Sham (dummy) acupuncture with sedation Presence or absence of gagging · People (older than four years) classified as having gagging that interfered with dental treatment; included trials… Management of gag reflex for patients undergoing dental treatment (2019) · Cochrane | Presence or absence of gagging: none of the trials reported this outcome. | 0 studies | No studies |
Acupuncture at P6 point with sedation vs Sham (dummy) acupuncture with sedation Adverse effects · People (older than four years) classified as having gagging that interfered with dental treatment; included trials… Management of gag reflex for patients undergoing dental treatment (2019) · Cochrane | Adverse effects: none of the trials reported this outcome (Lu 2000 did not report adverse events). | 0 studies | No studies |
4% prilocaine plain vs 2% lidocaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine Adverse effects: pain following injection · Participants of any age and gender undergoing dental procedures, and volunteers who took part in simulated scenario… Injectable local anaesthetic agents for dental anaesthesia (2018) · Cochrane | SoF: Not measured. | 0 studies | No studies |
4% articaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine vs 2% mepivacaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine Adverse effects: pain following injection · Participants of any age and gender undergoing dental procedures, and volunteers who took part in simulated scenario… Injectable local anaesthetic agents for dental anaesthesia (2018) · Cochrane | SoF: Not measured. | 0 studies | No studies |
4% articaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine vs 2% mepivacaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine Duration of anaesthesia · Participants of any age and gender undergoing dental procedures, and volunteers who took part in simulated scenario… Injectable local anaesthetic agents for dental anaesthesia (2018) · Cochrane | SoF: Not measured. | 0 studies | No studies |
0.5% bupivacaine, 1:200,000 epinephrine vs 2% lidocaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine Adverse effects: allergy to local anaesthetic · Participants of any age and gender undergoing dental procedures, and volunteers who took part in simulated scenario… Injectable local anaesthetic agents for dental anaesthesia (2018) · Cochrane | SoF: Not measured. | 0 studies | No studies |
2% mepivacaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine vs 2% lidocaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine Speed of onset of anaesthesia · Participants of any age and gender undergoing dental procedures, and volunteers who took part in simulated scenario… Injectable local anaesthetic agents for dental anaesthesia (2018) · Cochrane | SoF: Not measured. | 0 studies | No studies |
4% articaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine vs 2% lidocaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine Participants' experience of the procedures · Participants of any age and gender undergoing dental procedures, and volunteers who took part in simulated scenario… Injectable local anaesthetic agents for dental anaesthesia (2018) · Cochrane | No data from the included studies were available. | 0 studies | No studies |
4% articaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine vs 2% mepivacaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine Adverse effects: allergy to local anaesthetic · Participants of any age and gender undergoing dental procedures, and volunteers who took part in simulated scenario… Injectable local anaesthetic agents for dental anaesthesia (2018) · Cochrane | SoF: Not measured. | 0 studies | No studies |
4% articaine, 1:200,000 epinephrine vs 0.5% bupivacaine, 1:200,000 epinephrine Speed of onset of anaesthesia · Participants of any age and gender undergoing dental procedures, and volunteers who took part in simulated scenario… Injectable local anaesthetic agents for dental anaesthesia (2018) · Cochrane | SoF: Not measured. | 0 studies | No studies |
4% articaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine vs 2% mepivacaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine Speed of onset of anaesthesia · Participants of any age and gender undergoing dental procedures, and volunteers who took part in simulated scenario… Injectable local anaesthetic agents for dental anaesthesia (2018) · Cochrane | SoF: Not measured. | 0 studies | No studies |
4% articaine, 1:200,000 epinephrine vs 0.5% bupivacaine, 1:200,000 epinephrine Duration of anaesthesia · Participants of any age and gender undergoing dental procedures, and volunteers who took part in simulated scenario… Injectable local anaesthetic agents for dental anaesthesia (2018) · Cochrane | SoF: Not measured. | 0 studies | No studies |
4% prilocaine plain vs 2% lidocaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine Duration of anaesthesia · Participants of any age and gender undergoing dental procedures, and volunteers who took part in simulated scenario… Injectable local anaesthetic agents for dental anaesthesia (2018) · Cochrane | SoF: Not measured. | 0 studies | No studies |
3% prilocaine, 0.03 IU felypressin vs 2% lidocaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine Adverse effects: pain on injection (solution deposition) · Participants of any age and gender undergoing dental procedures, and volunteers who took part in simulated scenario… Injectable local anaesthetic agents for dental anaesthesia (2018) · Cochrane | SoF: Not measured. | 0 studies | No studies |
4% prilocaine plain vs 2% lidocaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine Speed of onset of anaesthesia · Participants of any age and gender undergoing dental procedures, and volunteers who took part in simulated scenario… Injectable local anaesthetic agents for dental anaesthesia (2018) · Cochrane | SoF: Not measured. | 0 studies | No studies |
4% prilocaine plain vs 2% lidocaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine Adverse effects: allergy to local anaesthetic · Participants of any age and gender undergoing dental procedures, and volunteers who took part in simulated scenario… Injectable local anaesthetic agents for dental anaesthesia (2018) · Cochrane | SoF: Not measured. | 0 studies | No studies |
4% articaine, 1:200,000 epinephrine vs 4% articaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine Duration of anaesthesia · Participants of any age and gender undergoing dental procedures, and volunteers who took part in simulated scenario… Injectable local anaesthetic agents for dental anaesthesia (2018) · Cochrane | SoF: Not measured. | 0 studies | No studies |
4% articaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine vs 2% lidocaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine Adverse effects: paraesthesia following injection · Participants of any age and gender undergoing dental procedures, and volunteers who took part in simulated scenario… Injectable local anaesthetic agents for dental anaesthesia (2018) · Cochrane | SoF: Not measured. | 0 studies | No studies |
0.5% bupivacaine, 1:200,000 epinephrine vs 2% lidocaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine Adverse effects: pain following injection · Participants of any age and gender undergoing dental procedures, and volunteers who took part in simulated scenario… Injectable local anaesthetic agents for dental anaesthesia (2018) · Cochrane | SoF: Not measured. | 0 studies | No studies |
4% articaine, 1:200,000 epinephrine vs 0.5% bupivacaine, 1:200,000 epinephrine Adverse effects: pain following injection · Participants of any age and gender undergoing dental procedures, and volunteers who took part in simulated scenario… Injectable local anaesthetic agents for dental anaesthesia (2018) · Cochrane | SoF: Not measured. | 0 studies | No studies |
4% articaine, 1:200,000 epinephrine vs 4% articaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine Adverse effects: paraesthesia following injection · Participants of any age and gender undergoing dental procedures, and volunteers who took part in simulated scenario… Injectable local anaesthetic agents for dental anaesthesia (2018) · Cochrane | SoF: Not measured. | 0 studies | No studies |
4% prilocaine plain vs 2% lidocaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine Adverse effects: pain on injection (solution deposition) · Participants of any age and gender undergoing dental procedures, and volunteers who took part in simulated scenario… Injectable local anaesthetic agents for dental anaesthesia (2018) · Cochrane | SoF: Not measured. | 0 studies | No studies |
3% prilocaine, 0.03 IU felypressin vs 2% lidocaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine Duration of anaesthesia · Participants of any age and gender undergoing dental procedures, and volunteers who took part in simulated scenario… Injectable local anaesthetic agents for dental anaesthesia (2018) · Cochrane | SoF: Not measured. | 0 studies | No studies |
4% articaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine vs 2% lidocaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine Duration of anaesthesia · Participants of any age and gender undergoing dental procedures, and volunteers who took part in simulated scenario… Injectable local anaesthetic agents for dental anaesthesia (2018) · Cochrane | SoF: Not measured. | 0 studies | No studies |
2% mepivacaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine vs 2% lidocaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine Adverse effects: pain following injection · Participants of any age and gender undergoing dental procedures, and volunteers who took part in simulated scenario… Injectable local anaesthetic agents for dental anaesthesia (2018) · Cochrane | SoF: Not measured. | 0 studies | No studies |
4% articaine, 1:200,000 epinephrine vs 0.5% bupivacaine, 1:200,000 epinephrine Adverse effects: paraesthesia following injection · Participants of any age and gender undergoing dental procedures, and volunteers who took part in simulated scenario… Injectable local anaesthetic agents for dental anaesthesia (2018) · Cochrane | SoF: Not measured. | 0 studies | No studies |
4% prilocaine plain vs 2% lidocaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine Adverse effects: paraesthesia following injection · Participants of any age and gender undergoing dental procedures, and volunteers who took part in simulated scenario… Injectable local anaesthetic agents for dental anaesthesia (2018) · Cochrane | SoF: See comment; 0 participants (0 studies); 1 case of prolonged anaesthesia recorded; no clinical studies met the outcome definition (unable to confirm whether prolonged anaesthesia = paraesthesia). | 0 studies | No studies |
Sedation Outcome NR · Medically compromised children (ASA III+) or children with learning/behavioural difficulties needing dental treatment Sedation of children undergoing dental treatment (2018) · Cochrane | 'Some of the techniques described may be useful in the management of medically compromised patients, but at present there are no studies carried out in these groups.' (Discussion) Explicit evidence gap. | 0 studies | No studies |
3% prilocaine, 0.03 IU felypressin vs 2% lidocaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine Adverse effects: paraesthesia following injection · Participants of any age and gender undergoing dental procedures, and volunteers who took part in simulated scenario… Injectable local anaesthetic agents for dental anaesthesia (2018) · Cochrane | SoF: Not measured. | 0 studies | No studies |
2% mepivacaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine vs 2% lidocaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine Adverse effects: paraesthesia following injection · Participants of any age and gender undergoing dental procedures, and volunteers who took part in simulated scenario… Injectable local anaesthetic agents for dental anaesthesia (2018) · Cochrane | SoF: Not measured. | 0 studies | No studies |