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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
102 questions in 1 reviews · cluster CL0346
current versionsNo studies 0 · 0%Ungraded 102 · 100%Very low 0 · 0%Low 0 · 0%Moderate 0 · 0%High 0 · 0%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
Intervention categories, outcome domains and clusters are a proposed key pending human validation. Clear all filters
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Higher circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration vs Lower circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration Prostate cancer · Adults (general population) Vitamin D and multiple health outcomes: umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of… (2014) | OR 1.04 [0.98, 1.09] | 14 studies · 28988 participants | Ungraded |
Vitamin D supplementation vs Placebo or control Fasting glucose · Adults with diabetes · Diabetes patients with normal glucose tolerance Vitamin D and multiple health outcomes: umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of… (2014) | WMD 0.01 [-0.21, 0.23] | NR | Ungraded |
Higher circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration vs Lower circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration Type 2 diabetes · Adults (general population) Vitamin D and multiple health outcomes: umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of… (2014) | OR 0.63 [0.56, 0.69] | 16 studies · 72204 participants | Ungraded |
Vitamin D compounds (supplementation) vs Placebo or control Risk of hypercalcaemia · Adults with chronic kidney disease requiring dialysis Vitamin D and multiple health outcomes: umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of… (2014) | RR 3.80 [0.90, 16.12] | 5 studies · 382 participants | Ungraded |
Vitamin D supplementation vs Placebo or control Bone mineral density in femoral neck · Older or community-dwelling adults Vitamin D and multiple health outcomes: umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of… (2014) | WMD 1.10 [0.40, 1.90] | 8 studies | Ungraded |
Vitamin D supplementation vs Placebo or control Bone mineral density in lumbar spine · Older or community-dwelling adults Vitamin D and multiple health outcomes: umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of… (2014) | WMD 0.10 [-0.60, 0.70] | 7 studies | Ungraded |
Higher circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration vs Lower circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration Sporadic colorectal adenoma recurrence · Adults (general population) Vitamin D and multiple health outcomes: umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of… (2014) | OR 0.87 [0.57, 1.33] | 3 studies · 1366 participants | Ungraded |
Higher circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration vs Lower circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration Ischaemic heart disease · Adults (general population) Vitamin D and multiple health outcomes: umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of… (2014) | HR 0.72 [0.65, 0.81] | 19 studies · 82982 participants | Ungraded |
Vitamin D supplementation vs Placebo or control Fractures: non-vertebral · Older or community-dwelling adults Vitamin D and multiple health outcomes: umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of… (2014) | RR 0.79 [0.63, 0.99] | 5 studies · 7130 participants | Ungraded |
Higher maternal circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration vs Lower maternal circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration Small for gestational age · Pregnant women and their offspring Vitamin D and multiple health outcomes: umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of… (2014) | OR 0.54 [0.44, 0.67] | 6 studies · 6851 participants | Ungraded |
Higher circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration vs Lower circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration Breast cancer · Adults (general population) · Premenopausal Vitamin D and multiple health outcomes: umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of… (2014) | RR 1.01 [0.97, 1.06] | 6 studies · 2890 participants | Ungraded |
Higher circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration vs Lower circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration All cause mortality · Patients with chronic kidney disease Vitamin D and multiple health outcomes: umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of… (2014) | RR 0.86 [0.81, 0.92] | 10 studies · 6853 participants | Ungraded |
Higher circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration vs Lower circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration Metabolic syndrome (prevalent) · Adults (general population) Vitamin D and multiple health outcomes: umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of… (2014) | OR 0.49 [0.38, 0.64] | 8 studies · 31416 participants | Ungraded |
Vitamin D supplementation vs Placebo or control Performance measures: muscle strength · Older or community-dwelling adults Vitamin D and multiple health outcomes: umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of… (2014) | SMD -0.19 [-0.35, -0.02] | 3 studies | Ungraded |
Higher circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration vs Lower circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration Cognition · Adults (general population) Vitamin D and multiple health outcomes: umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of… (2014) | OR 0.42 [0.34, 0.53] | 7 studies · 9004 participants | Ungraded |
Higher maternal circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration vs Lower maternal circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration Pre-eclampsia · Pregnant women and their offspring Vitamin D and multiple health outcomes: umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of… (2014) | OR 0.56 [0.39, 0.80] | 9 studies · 3230 participants | Ungraded |
Vitamin D supplementation vs Placebo or control Fractures: non-vertebral, non-hip · Older or community-dwelling adults Vitamin D and multiple health outcomes: umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of… (2014) | OR 0.69 [0.21, 1.66] | 2 studies | Ungraded |
Higher maternal circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration vs Lower maternal circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration Head circumference · Pregnant women and their offspring Vitamin D and multiple health outcomes: umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of… (2014) | WMD 0.05 [-0.24, 0.34] | 2 studies · 840 participants | Ungraded |
Vitamin D supplementation vs Placebo or control Diastolic blood pressure · Adults (general population) Vitamin D and multiple health outcomes: umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of… (2014) | WMD -0.03 [-1.98, 1.92] | 3 studies | Ungraded |
Vitamin D supplementation vs Placebo or control Mean gestational age at delivery · Pregnant women Vitamin D and multiple health outcomes: umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of… (2014) | WMD 0.17 [-0.16, 0.51] | 2 studies | Ungraded |
Higher circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration vs Lower circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration Pancreatic cancer · Adults (general population) Vitamin D and multiple health outcomes: umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of… (2014) | OR 2.13 [1.02, 4.47] | 6 studies · 2113 participants | Ungraded |
Higher circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration vs Lower circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration Hip fracture · Adults (general population) · Population-based controls Vitamin D and multiple health outcomes: umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of… (2014) | log ratio of geometric mean -0.51 [-0.64, -0.38] | 9 studies · 1655 participants | Ungraded |
Higher circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration vs Lower circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma · Adults (general population) · Females Vitamin D and multiple health outcomes: umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of… (2014) | OR 0.81 [0.39, 1.70] | 4 studies · 39 participants | Ungraded |
Higher circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration vs Lower circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration Hypertension · Adults (general population) Vitamin D and multiple health outcomes: umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of… (2014) | RR 0.70 [0.58, 0.86] | 7 studies · 48633 participants | Ungraded |
Higher circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration vs Lower circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration Aggressive prostate cancer · Adults (general population) Vitamin D and multiple health outcomes: umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of… (2014) | OR 0.98 [0.84, 1.15] | 6 studies · 4524 participants | Ungraded |
Higher circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration vs Lower circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration Cardiovascular disease mortality · Adults (general population) Vitamin D and multiple health outcomes: umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of… (2014) | RR 0.55 [0.36, 0.85] | 5 studies · 24387 participants | Ungraded |
Higher maternal circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration vs Lower maternal circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration Birth length · Pregnant women and their offspring Vitamin D and multiple health outcomes: umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of… (2014) | WMD 0.19 [-0.26, 0.65] | 2 studies · 840 participants | Ungraded |
Vitamin D compounds (supplementation) vs Placebo or control Subperiosteal erosions · Adults with chronic kidney disease requiring dialysis Vitamin D and multiple health outcomes: umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of… (2014) | RR 0.41 [0.07, 2.38] | 3 studies · 120 participants | Ungraded |
Vitamin D compounds (supplementation) vs Placebo or control Mortality · Adults with chronic kidney disease not requiring dialysis Vitamin D and multiple health outcomes: umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of… (2014) | RR 1.40 [0.38, 5.15] | 4 studies · 381 participants | Ungraded |
Higher circulating 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D) concentration vs Lower circulating 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D) concentration Colorectal cancer · Adults (general population) Vitamin D and multiple health outcomes: umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of… (2014) | OR 1.01 [0.59, 1.73] | 4 studies | Ungraded |
Higher circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration vs Lower circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration Cardiovascular disease (prevalent) · Adults (general population) Vitamin D and multiple health outcomes: umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of… (2014) | OR 0.67 [0.55, 0.82] | 16 studies · 64722 participants | Ungraded |
Vitamin D supplementation vs Placebo or control Small for gestational age · Pregnant women Vitamin D and multiple health outcomes: umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of… (2014) | RR 0.67 [0.40, 1.11] | 2 studies · 305 participants | Ungraded |
Vitamin D compounds (supplementation) vs Placebo or control Creatinine clearance · Adults with chronic kidney disease not requiring dialysis Vitamin D and multiple health outcomes: umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of… (2014) | WMD -1.68 [-6.92, 3.56] | 4 studies | Ungraded |
Vitamin D compounds (supplementation) vs Placebo or control Risk of hyperphosphataemia · Adults with chronic kidney disease requiring dialysis Vitamin D and multiple health outcomes: umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of… (2014) | RR 1.57 [0.97, 2.54] | 2 studies · 59 participants | Ungraded |
Vitamin D compounds (supplementation) vs Placebo or control Fractures · Adults with chronic kidney disease requiring dialysis Vitamin D and multiple health outcomes: umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of… (2014) | RR 1.00 [0.06, 15.41] | 4 studies | Ungraded |
Higher circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration vs Lower circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration Breast cancer · Adults (general population) · Postmenopausal Vitamin D and multiple health outcomes: umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of… (2014) | RR 0.99 [0.97, 1.01] | 9 studies · 8766 participants | Ungraded |
Vitamin D compounds (supplementation) vs Placebo or control Risk of hypercalcaemia · Adults with chronic kidney disease not requiring dialysis Vitamin D and multiple health outcomes: umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of… (2014) | RR 3.04 [1.17, 7.90] | 7 studies · 612 participants | Ungraded |
Vitamin D supplementation vs Placebo or control Bone mineral density in forearm · Children Vitamin D and multiple health outcomes: umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of… (2014) | SMD 0.04 [-0.36, 0.45] | 3 studies | Ungraded |
Vitamin D supplementation vs Placebo or control Preterm delivery · Pregnant women Vitamin D and multiple health outcomes: umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of… (2014) | RR 0.77 [0.35, 1.66] | 2 studies · 529 participants | Ungraded |
Higher maternal circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration vs Lower maternal circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration Birth weight · Pregnant women and their offspring Vitamin D and multiple health outcomes: umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of… (2014) | WMD 130.9 [75.1, 186.7] | 4 studies · 5541 participants | Ungraded |
Vitamin D supplementation vs Placebo or control Fractures: vertebral or deformity · Older or community-dwelling adults Vitamin D and multiple health outcomes: umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of… (2014) | RR 0.90 [0.42, 1.92] | 5 studies · 9138 participants | Ungraded |
Vitamin D supplementation vs Control Bone mineral density in forearm · Community dwelling adults Vitamin D and multiple health outcomes: umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of… (2014) | WMD -0.70 [-1.70, 0.40] | 2 studies | Ungraded |
Higher circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration vs Lower circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration Ovarian cancer · Adults (general population) Vitamin D and multiple health outcomes: umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of… (2014) | OR 0.83 [0.63, 1.09] | 10 studies · 2489 participants | Ungraded |
Higher circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration vs Lower circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration Stroke · Adults (general population) Vitamin D and multiple health outcomes: umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of… (2014) | RR 0.61 [0.50, 0.75] | 7 studies · 39095 participants | Ungraded |
Vitamin D supplementation vs Placebo or control Fasting glucose · Adults with diabetes · Diabetes patients with abnormal glucose tolerance Vitamin D and multiple health outcomes: umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of… (2014) | WMD -0.3 [-0.9, 0.3] | NR | Ungraded |
Higher circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration vs Lower circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration Breast cancer · Adults (general population) Vitamin D and multiple health outcomes: umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of… (2014) | OR 0.55 [0.42, 0.71] | 21 studies · 26317 participants | Ungraded |
Higher circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration vs Lower circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration Colon cancer · Adults (general population) Vitamin D and multiple health outcomes: umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of… (2014) | OR 0.78 [0.56, 1.07] | 10 studies · 4578 participants | Ungraded |
Vitamin D supplementation vs Placebo or control Total cholesterol · Adults (general population) Vitamin D and multiple health outcomes: umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of… (2014) | WMD 1.52 [-1.42, 4.46] | 11 studies | Ungraded |
Vitamin D compounds (supplementation) vs Placebo or control Parathyroid hormone · Adults with chronic kidney disease requiring dialysis Vitamin D and multiple health outcomes: umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of… (2014) | WMD -196.05 [-298.43, -93.66] | 6 studies | Ungraded |
Higher circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration vs Lower circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration Hip fracture · Adults (general population) · Hospital-based controls Vitamin D and multiple health outcomes: umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of… (2014) | log ratio of geometric mean -0.26 [-0.33, -0.23] | 8 studies · 2201 participants | Ungraded |