Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

2,916 questions · 3,207 findings · 167 reviews · related questions CL0289

No studies found 596 · 18.6%GRADE not reported 1,666 · 51.9%Very low 603 · 18.8%Low 252 · 7.9%Moderate 78 · 2.4%High 12 · 0.4%

Amitriptyline vs placebo

Relief of burning/discomfort (symptom relief; pain intensity) · People with primary burning mouth syndrome (BMS), that is, oral mucosal pain with no dental or medical cause for such symptoms
1 finding from 1 review

Topical treatments (topical urea 10%) vs placebo

Relief of burning/discomfort (symptom relief; pain intensity) · People with primary burning mouth syndrome (BMS), that is, oral mucosal pain with no dental or medical cause for such symptoms
1 finding from 1 review
  • Interventions for treating burning mouth syndrome 2016 · Cochrane All outcomes
    short-term (up to 3 months) · topical urea 10%
    Topical urea 10% (Alvarenga da Silva 2014) contributes to the topical treatments short-term symptom-relief comparison (insufficient/contradictory); no separate estimate reported.
    1 study · 38 participants
    GRADE not reported

NSAIDs (ketorolac oral rinse; systemic celecoxib) vs placebo or no treatment

Malignant transformation (oral cancer development) · People with a diagnosis of oral leukoplakia
1 finding from 1 review
  • SoF 3 (NSAIDs vs placebo), Cancer development: SoF cell 'Not measured'. Effects text: cancer development was among outcomes in Papadimitrakopoulou 2008 (celecoxib) but did not occur in either arm, probably because of…
    1 study
    GRADE not reported

Bowman-Birk inhibitor vs placebo or no treatment

Malignant transformation (oral cancer development) · People with a diagnosis of oral leukoplakia

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Preoperative analgesics (analgesics given before dental treatment) vs Placebo or no analgesics

Completion of treatment · Children and adolescents aged up to 17 years having dental treatment (orthodontic treatment, fillings, pulp treatment, or tooth…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Bethanechol vs placebo

Change in taste · People with primary burning mouth syndrome (BMS), that is, oral mucosal pain with no dental or medical cause for such symptoms

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Preoperative paracetamol (acetaminophen) vs placebo

Postoperative pain (dichotomous measure: parent report of presence of pain-related behaviours) · Children and adolescents having dental treatment under local anaesthetic (restorative and extraction treatments)

Preoperative paracetamol (acetaminophen) showed no clear difference in postoperative pain (dichotomous measure: parent report of presence… compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Topical treatments (lactoperoxidase oral rinse / Biotene) vs placebo

Relief of burning/discomfort (symptom relief; pain intensity) · People with primary burning mouth syndrome (BMS), that is, oral mucosal pain with no dental or medical cause for such symptoms

It is very uncertain whether topical treatments (lactoperoxidase oral rinse / Biotene) changes relief of burning/discomfort (symptom relief; pain intensity) compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Benzodiazepines (systemic clonazepam) vs placebo

Change in QoL - depression (surrogate marker) · People with primary burning mouth syndrome (BMS), that is, oral mucosal pain with no dental or medical cause for such symptoms

It is very uncertain whether benzodiazepines (systemic clonazepam) changes change in QoL - depression (surrogate marker) compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Educational intervention with information only (theoretical dental health education, no practical training) vs usual care

Oral health-related behaviour (denture cleaning habits) · Residents of institutions for elderly people (nursing staff and residents took part in the education programme)
1 finding from 1 review

Perioperative infraorbital nerve block vs Infiltration of the incision (peri-incisional infiltration)

Heart rate, respiratory rate, and blood pressure · Children up to 13 years of age, undergoing cleft lip repair surgery
1 finding from 1 review

Root-end resection (with or without root-end filling; surgical retreatment) vs Non-surgical re-treatment (orthograde root canal therapy)

Prevalence of pain - 1 day · People with one or more endodontically treated teeth and a periapical condition requiring retreatment

Root-end resection (with or without root-end filling; surgical… may leads to higher prevalence of pain - 1 day (participants reporting pain) compared with root canal retreatment (non-surgical/orthograde) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Any experimental intervention (surgical or non-surgical) vs None (placebo or no treatment)

Mortality rate and cause of death · People of any age and either sex, in any setting, with BRONJ; bisphosphonate exposure past or current; includes people with cancer and…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Trazodone vs placebo

Change in taste · People with primary burning mouth syndrome (BMS), that is, oral mucosal pain with no dental or medical cause for such symptoms

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Topical treatments (topical urea 10%) vs placebo

Change in feeling of dryness · People with primary burning mouth syndrome (BMS), that is, oral mucosal pain with no dental or medical cause for such symptoms
1 finding from 1 review
  • Interventions for treating burning mouth syndrome 2016 · Cochrane All outcomes
    short-term (up to 3 months) · topical urea 10%
    SoF9. Change in feeling of dryness short-term (xerostomia questionnaire, 1-5, lower better): single study narratively reported no difference before or after treatment; 38 participants (1 RCT, topical urea); very low.
    1 study · 38 participants
    Very low