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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

2,916 questions · 3,207 findings · 167 reviews · related questions CL0289

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No studies found 596 · 18.6%GRADE not reported 1,666 · 51.9%Very low 603 · 18.8%Low 252 · 7.9%Moderate 78 · 2.4%High 12 · 0.4%

Antifungal drugs absorbed from GI tract (fluconazole, ketoconazole, itraconazole) vs Antifungal drugs not absorbed from GI tract

Oral candidiasis (present) · Patients with cancer receiving chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy

Antifungal drugs absorbed from GI tract led to lower oral candidiasis (present) compared with antifungal drugs not absorbed from GI tract; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Antifungal drugs not absorbed from GI tract vs placebo or no treatment

Systemic fungal infection · Patients with cancer receiving chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy

Antifungal drugs not absorbed from GI tract showed no clear difference in systemic fungal infection compared with placebo or no treatment; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Antifungal drugs absorbed from GI tract (fluconazole, ketoconazole, itraconazole) vs placebo or no treatment

Oral candidiasis (present) · Patients with cancer receiving chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy

Antifungal drugs absorbed from GI tract (fluconazole, ketoconazole,… led to lower oral candidiasis (present) compared with placebo or no treatment; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Guided tissue regeneration (GTR) with barrier membrane (resorbable or non-resorbable) vs Open flap debridement (access flap surgery)

Sites failing to gain 2 mm attachment (proportion) · Patients with chronic periodontitis (aged 21 years or older) with periodontal infra-bony defects; furcation-involved teeth and aggressive…

Guided tissue regeneration (GTR) with barrier membrane (resorbable… led to lower sites failing to gain 2 mm attachment (proportion) compared with open flap debridement (access flap surgery); GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Guided tissue regeneration (GTR) with barrier membrane (resorbable or non-resorbable) vs Open flap debridement (access flap surgery)

Aesthetics · Patients with chronic periodontitis (aged 21 years or older) with periodontal infra-bony defects; furcation-involved teeth and aggressive…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Tongue scraping (mechanical tongue cleaning) vs Placebo or no intervention (nothing)

Outcome not reported · Adults (over 18 years) with a clinical or self-assessed diagnosis of halitosis

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review
  • Tongue scraping for treating halitosis 2006 · Cochrane All outcomes
    Minimum 4 weeks (planned)
    No eligible randomized controlled trials comparing tongue scraping with placebo or no intervention were identified.
    0 studies
    No studies found

Guided tissue regeneration (GTR) with barrier membrane (resorbable or non-resorbable) vs Open flap debridement (access flap surgery)

Attachment change · Patients with chronic periodontitis (aged 21 years or older) with periodontal infra-bony defects; furcation-involved teeth and aggressive…

Guided tissue regeneration (GTR) with barrier membrane (resorbable… led to higher change in clinical attachment level (attachment gain) compared with open flap debridement (access flap surgery); GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Guided tissue regeneration (GTR) with barrier membrane (resorbable or non-resorbable) vs Open flap debridement (access flap surgery)

Hard tissue probing at surgical re-entry (bone gain) · Patients with chronic periodontitis (aged 21 years or older) with periodontal infra-bony defects; furcation-involved teeth and aggressive…

Guided tissue regeneration (GTR) with barrier membrane (resorbable… led to higher hard tissue probing at surgical re-entry (bone gain) compared with open flap debridement (access flap surgery); GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

GTR rm associated with bone substitutes vs Open flap debridement (access flap surgery)

Hard tissue probing at surgical re-entry (bone gain) · Patients with chronic periodontitis (aged 21 years or older) with periodontal infra-bony defects; furcation-involved teeth and aggressive…

Guided tissue regeneration (GTR) combined with bone substitutes/graft led to higher hard tissue probing at surgical re-entry (bone gain) compared with open flap debridement (access flap surgery); GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Tongue scraper or tongue cleaner (One Drop Only tongue cleaner; Tongue-Putzer scraper; polystyrene scraper) vs Toothbrush (used to clean the tongue)

Volatile sulphur compounds (VSC), halimeter · Adults (over 18 years) with a clinical or self-assessed diagnosis of halitosis
1 finding from 1 review
  • Tongue scraping for treating halitosis 2006 · Cochrane All outcomes
    Immediately to 35 min post-intervention (Seemann 2001); 1 week (Pedrazzi 2004)
    No summary of findings table or GRADE assessment (pre-GRADE review); narrative synthesis, data not pooled. Seemann 2001: peak VSC reduction 42% with the tongue cleaner, 40% with the tongue scraper and 33% with the…
    2 studies · 40 participants
    GRADE not reported

Tongue scraper or tongue cleaner (One Drop Only tongue cleaner; Tongue-Putzer scraper; polystyrene scraper) vs Toothbrush (used to clean the tongue)

Self-expressed (perceived) or organoleptic (human nose) assessment of halitosis · Adults (over 18 years) with a clinical or self-assessed diagnosis of halitosis

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review
  • Tongue scraping for treating halitosis 2006 · Cochrane All outcomes
    Minimum 4 weeks (planned)
    Neither of the two included trials provided any self expressed (perceived) or organoleptic (human nose) assessments of halitosis (the review's primary outcomes); no data.
    0 studies
    No studies found

Guided tissue regeneration (GTR) with barrier membrane (resorbable or non-resorbable) vs Open flap debridement (access flap surgery)

Radiographic bone change · Patients with chronic periodontitis (aged 21 years or older) with periodontal infra-bony defects; furcation-involved teeth and aggressive…
1 finding from 1 review
  • Guided tissue regeneration for periodontal infra-bony defects 2006 · Cochrane All outcomes
    >=12 months
    Radiographic data was contained in two studies. Mayfield 1998 showed 0.6 mm gain in bone from the base of the defect in both test and control groups; Ratka-Kruger 2000 reported descriptively that only minute changes in…
    2 studies
    GRADE not reported

Guided tissue regeneration (GTR) with barrier membrane (resorbable or non-resorbable) vs Open flap debridement (access flap surgery)

Tooth loss · Patients with chronic periodontitis (aged 21 years or older) with periodontal infra-bony defects; furcation-involved teeth and aggressive…
1 finding from 1 review

GTR rm associated with bone substitutes vs Open flap debridement (access flap surgery)

Attachment change · Patients with chronic periodontitis (aged 21 years or older) with periodontal infra-bony defects; furcation-involved teeth and aggressive…

Guided tissue regeneration (GTR) combined with bone substitutes/graft led to higher change in clinical attachment level (attachment gain) compared with open flap debridement (access flap surgery); GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Guided tissue regeneration (GTR) with barrier membrane (resorbable or non-resorbable) vs Open flap debridement (access flap surgery)

Change in probing pocket depth (PPD) · Patients with chronic periodontitis (aged 21 years or older) with periodontal infra-bony defects; furcation-involved teeth and aggressive…

Guided tissue regeneration (GTR) with barrier membrane (resorbable… led to higher change in probing depth (probing depth reduction) compared with open flap debridement (access flap surgery); GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Guided tissue regeneration (GTR) with barrier membrane (resorbable or non-resorbable) vs Open flap debridement (access flap surgery)

Disease recurrence (% sites with >=2 mm loss of probing attachment from 12 months after treatment) · Patients with chronic periodontitis (aged 21 years or older) with periodontal infra-bony defects; furcation-involved teeth and aggressive…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Guided tissue regeneration (GTR) with barrier membrane (resorbable or non-resorbable) vs Open flap debridement (access flap surgery)

Ease of maintenance (% of sites with <4 mm probing depth) · Patients with chronic periodontitis (aged 21 years or older) with periodontal infra-bony defects; furcation-involved teeth and aggressive…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Tongue scraping (mechanical tongue cleaning) vs Mouthwash or other chemical intervention

Outcome not reported · Adults (over 18 years) with a clinical or self-assessed diagnosis of halitosis

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review
  • Tongue scraping for treating halitosis 2006 · Cochrane All outcomes
    Minimum 4 weeks (planned)
    No randomized controlled trials comparing mechanical tongue cleaning with mouthwashes were identified; the review notes "the somewhat unexpected lack of randomized controlled trials comparing the effectiveness of…
    0 studies
    No studies found