What do systematic reviews say?

Locking plate vs 2 mm non-locking titanium plates

• Interventions for the management of mandibular fractures 2013 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Early premature removal of IMF (from hours up to 2 weeks) was reported in 13 of the 90 participants analysed (Collins 2004); participants released their own IMF or reported that "the wires fell off".
  1 study · 90 participants
  GRADE not reported

Intraoral distalising appliance vs Headgear (extraoral appliance)

Intraoral distalising appliance may leads to higher change in overjet (mm) compared with headgear (extraoral appliance) (low certainty).

• Orthodontic treatment for distalising upper first molars in children and adolescents 2013 · Cochrane All outcomes
  MD 1.64 [1.26, 2.02]
  2 studies · 70 participants
  Low

2 mm titanium plates vs 2.5 mm bioresorbable plates

2 mm titanium plates showed no clear difference in post-operative pain (residual pain, any severity) compared with 2.5 mm bioresorbable plates; GRADE not reported.

• Interventions for the management of mandibular fractures 2013 · Cochrane All outcomes

  1 month
  RR 1.26 [0.57, 2.82]
  1 study · 40 participants
  GRADE not reported

Any intervention to manage relapse: fixed options (labial braces, lingual braces, fixed lingual wire) or removable options (Hawley's retainer with spring elastomeric module, Bloore removable aligner, other Hawley's retainer modifications, Invisalign, Clearstep) vs no intervention or another intervention

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for managing relapse of the lower front teeth after orthodontic treatment 2013 · Cochrane All outcomes
  No RCTs met the inclusion criteria for this review. After deduplication, the electronic searching identified 527 publications; after reviewing the titles and abstracts, none focused on interventions to correct the…
  0 studies
  No studies found

Intraoral distalising appliance vs Headgear (extraoral appliance)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Orthodontic treatment for distalising upper first molars in children and adolescents 2013 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Number of attendances required to complete treatment was not reported by these studies.
  0 studies
  No studies found

Zygomatic implants for retaining a maxillary obturator vs Non-implant retained obturators, local and regional flaps, or microvascular free flaps

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for replacing missing teeth: dental implants in zygomatic bone for the rehabilitation of the severely… 2013 · Cochrane All outcomes

  At least 1 year in function
  Results (Effects of interventions): we could not identify any eligible randomised controlled trials (RCTs).
  0 studies
  No studies found

Electrostimulation (device) vs Placebo (sham/placebo device)

It is very uncertain whether electrostimulation (device) changes unstimulated whole saliva (UWS) compared with placebo (sham/placebo device) (very low certainty).

• Interventions for the management of dry mouth: non‐pharmacological interventions 2013 · Cochrane All outcomes

  End of treatment (4 weeks)
  MD 0.02 [-0.12, 0.16]
  1 study · 24 participants
  Very low

Root canal medicaments vs No medicaments, placebo, or a different type of medicament

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for treating traumatised permanent front teeth: luxated (dislodged) teeth 2013 · Cochrane All outcomes

  Minimum 12 months follow-up
  Types of root canal medicaments: this was compared with no medicaments, placebo and different types of medicaments. Main results: No randomised or quasi-randomised controlled trials were found; no study was included in…
  0 studies
  No studies found

Electrostimulation (device) vs Placebo (sham/placebo device)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for the management of dry mouth: non‐pharmacological interventions 2013 · Cochrane All outcomes
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies
  No studies found

Intraoral distalising appliance vs Another (different) intraoral distalising appliance

• Orthodontic treatment for distalising upper first molars in children and adolescents 2013 · Cochrane All outcomes
  SoF table 3. Assumed risk "Not estimated"; Corresponding risk "Not estimated"; Relative effect "Meta-analysis not appropriate". Quality: very low. Comment: "No pooled estimate due to different types of appliances used…
  2 studies · 70 participants
  Very low

Ibuprofen (single postoperative oral dose; 200 mg to 512 mg) vs paracetamol

Ibuprofen (single postoperative oral dose; 200 mg to 512 mg) led to higher patients using rescue medication at 8 hours compared with paracetamol (acetaminophen) (single postoperative oral dose; 600 mg…; GRADE not reported.

• Ibuprofen and/or paracetamol (acetaminophen) for pain relief after surgical removal of lower wisdom teeth 2013 · Cochrane All outcomes

  8 hours postdosing
  RR 2.02 [1.57, 2.60]
  2 studies
  GRADE not reported

Combined paracetamol plus ibuprofen in a single tablet (e.g. paracetamol 1000 mg/ibuprofen 400 mg or 500/200 mg) vs Single drugs given separately (paracetamol 1000 mg or ibuprofen 400 mg)

Combined paracetamol plus ibuprofen in a single tablet (e.g.… leads to higher patients not using rescue medication at 8 hours compared with single drugs given separately (paracetamol 1000 mg or ibuprofen 400… (high certainty).

• Ibuprofen and/or paracetamol (acetaminophen) for pain relief after surgical removal of lower wisdom teeth 2013 · Cochrane All outcomes

  8 hours postdosing · Paracetamol 1000/500 mg/ibuprofen 400/200 mg vs single constituent drugs
  RR 1.60 [1.36, 1.88]
  2 studies · 467 participants
  High

Intraoral distalising appliance vs Another (different) intraoral distalising appliance

• Orthodontic treatment for distalising upper first molars in children and adolescents 2013 · Cochrane All outcomes
  SoF table 3. Assumed risk "Not estimated"; Corresponding risk "Not estimated"; Relative effect "Meta-analysis not appropriate". Quality: very low. Comment: "No pooled estimate due to different types of appliances used…
  2 studies · 70 participants
  Very low

Fluorescence imaging / light-based techniques vs No screening

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Screening programmes for the early detection and prevention of oral cancer 2013 · Cochrane All outcomes
  There was no evidence to support the use of adjunctive technologies like toluidine blue, brush biopsy or fluorescence imaging as a screening tool to reduce oral cancer mortality; no eligible randomised controlled trial…
  0 studies
  No studies found

Immediate mobilization vs 2 weeks delayed mobilization (IMF)

• Interventions for the management of mandibular fractures 2013 · Cochrane All outcomes
  In the IMF (delayed) group, one participant (7.7%) had a wound infection and plate exposure leading to plate removal 4 months post-operatively.
  1 study
  GRADE not reported

Fee‐for‐service (FFS) vs no intervention or control intervention (control)

It is very uncertain whether fee-for-service remuneration changes measures of clinical activity: mean percentage of 12- to… compared with no specific intervention (control) (very low certainty).

• The effect of different methods of remuneration on the behaviour of primary care dentists 2013 · Cochrane All outcomes

  18 months
  RD 9.8 [1.8, 17.8]
  1 study · 133 participants
  Very low

Orthodontic distalising appliance (intraoral or extraoral) vs no intervention

• Orthodontic treatment for distalising upper first molars in children and adolescents 2013 · Cochrane All outcomes
  SoF table 1 (orthodontic appliance vs untreated control). Illustrative comparative risks: Assumed risk (untreated control) "Not estimated"; Corresponding risk (orthodontic appliance) "Not estimated"; Relative effect…
  2 studies · 74 participants
  Low

Orthodontic distalising appliance (intraoral or extraoral) vs no intervention

• Orthodontic treatment for distalising upper first molars in children and adolescents 2013 · Cochrane All outcomes
  SoF table 1. Assumed risk "Not estimated"; Corresponding risk "Not estimated"; Relative effect "Meta-analysis not appropriate". Comment: "No pooled estimate due to different types of appliances (First Class and…
  2 studies · 74 participants
  Low

Two lag screws vs One lag screw (with arch bars and IMF)

• Interventions for the management of mandibular fractures 2013 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Drill-bit fracture occurred during preparation in one participant in the two-lag-screws group.
  1 study
  GRADE not reported

Powered toothbrush (any mode of action) vs Manual toothbrush

• Interventions for the management of dry mouth: non‐pharmacological interventions 2013 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Papas 2006 used a VAS to measure mouth dryness but did not report dry mouth outcome data
  1 study
  GRADE not reported