What do systematic reviews say?

4 questions · 4 findings · 1 reviews · related questions CL0289

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No studies found 1 · 25%GRADE not reported 1 · 25%Very low 2 · 50%Low 0 · 0%Moderate 0 · 0%High 0 · 0%

Non-responsive complementary feeding (NRCF) vs Other models of complementary feeding

Overweight/obesity risk · Healthy, term-born, normal-birth-weight infants aged 4-24 months (breastfed and/or formula-fed) in Western industrialized countries

Non-responsive complementary feeding showed no significant association with overweight/obesity across observational studies (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Complementary Feeding Caregivers' Practices and Growth, Risk of Overweight/Obesity, and Other Non-Communicable… 2022 All outcomes
Follow-up interval 15-20 months · Outpatient care in Western industrialized (European/Anglo-Saxon) countries
NRCF, risk of overweight and obesity (observational; follow up interval 15 to 20 months; assessed with % overweight/obesity, BMIz, delta-BMI, skinfold): No significant association for all comparisons (for documented…
4 studies
Very low

Non-responsive complementary feeding (NRCF) vs Other models of complementary feeding

Weight gain · Healthy, term-born, normal-birth-weight infants aged 4-24 months (breastfed and/or formula-fed) in Western industrialized countries

Narratively, restrictive NRCF style tended to favor excess weight and coercive/pressuring style tended to favor lower weight (3 of 5 studies each; ungraded).

1 finding from 1 review

Complementary Feeding Caregivers' Practices and Growth, Risk of Overweight/Obesity, and Other Non-Communicable… 2022 All outcomes
Infancy to early childhood · Outpatient care in Western industrialized (European/Anglo-Saxon) countries · Restrictive vs coercive/pressuring styles
Restrictive style would favor excess weight (three of five studies); coercive style (pressure to eat) would favor a lower weight (three of five studies); clinical significance never quantified.
Studies not reported
GRADE not reported

Non-responsive complementary feeding (NRCF) vs Other models of complementary feeding

Overweight/obesity risk · Healthy children aged 6–24 months in Western industrialized countries

NRCF showed no significant association with overweight/obesity across the reported comparisons (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Complementary Feeding Caregivers' Practices and Growth, Risk of Overweight/Obesity, and Other Non-Communicable… 2022 All outcomes
15–20 months · Outpatient · observational
No significant association for all comparisons for documented exposures of at least 6 months; 4 observational studies; Very low certainty.
4 studies
Very low

Responsive / non-responsive complementary feeding (RCF/NRCF) vs Other models of complementary feeding

Choking · Healthy, term-born, normal-birth-weight infants aged 4-24 months (breastfed and/or formula-fed) in Western industrialized countries

No systematic reviews or studies assessed choking risk for RCF or NRCF (only BLW/BLISS); this is an evidence gap.

1 finding from 1 review

Complementary Feeding Caregivers' Practices and Growth, Risk of Overweight/Obesity, and Other Non-Communicable… 2022 All outcomes
Infancy · Outpatient care in Western industrialized (European/Anglo-Saxon) countries
No SRs or studies relevant to the risk of choking were found that included NRCF or RCF approaches other than those specifically defined as BLW or BLISS.
0 studies
No studies found