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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
420 questions in 100 reviews · cluster CL0279
current versionsNo studies 131 · 31.2%Ungraded 222 · 52.9%Very low 47 · 11.2%Low 16 · 3.8%Moderate 4 · 1%High 0 · 0%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
Intervention categories, outcome domains and clusters are a proposed key pending human validation. Clear all filters
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Amoxicillin + metronidazole + SRP vs SRP Adverse events · Adults with periodontitis (chronic and aggressive) · Long-term (≥ 1 year) Adjunctive systemic antimicrobials for the non‐surgical treatment of periodontitis (2020) · Cochrane | Most common adverse events were mild gastrointestinal disturbances, nausea and vomiting, metallic taste, and diarrhoea in the intervention group. Control group reported adverse events like hypothermia, mild… | 2 studies · 389 participants | Very low |
Clindamycin + SRP vs Doxycycline + SRP Adverse events · Adults with aggressive periodontitis · Long-term (≥ 1 year) Adjunctive systemic antimicrobials for the non‐surgical treatment of periodontitis (2020) · Cochrane | Included study has not reported adverse events | NR | No studies |
Topical corticosteroid vs Placebo Adverse effects · People with symptomatic, biopsy-confirmed oral lichen planus (OLP); not concurrently receiving other OLP treatment · 3-9 weeks Interventions for treating oral lichen planus: corticosteroid therapies (2020) · Cochrane | RR 1.48 [0.48, 4.56] | 3 studies · 88 participants | Very low |
Autologous platelet concentrate (PRP/PRF) in socket vs No blood product (conventional) Adverse effects · Adults with mandibular third molars requiring removal · up to 30 days Surgical techniques for the removal of mandibular wisdom teeth (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Camouflage syringe vs Conventional syringe Adverse effects · Children and adolescents having dental treatment under local anaesthetic without general anaesthesia · During LA (injection is the intervention) Interventions for increasing acceptance of local anaesthetic in children and adolescents having dental… (2020) · Cochrane | Adverse effects: included studies did not report on this outcome | NR | No studies |
Video modelling acclimatisation for LA vs Oral hygiene video Adverse effects · Children and adolescents having dental treatment under local anaesthetic without general anaesthesia · In advance of LA Interventions for increasing acceptance of local anaesthetic in children and adolescents having dental… (2020) · Cochrane | Adverse effects: included studies did not report on this outcome | NR | No studies |
Doxycycline + SRP vs Amoxicillin + metronidazole + SRP Adverse events · Adults with aggressive periodontitis Adjunctive systemic antimicrobials for the non‐surgical treatment of periodontitis (2020) · Cochrane | One trial (Akincibay 2008) did not report this outcome; Xajigeorgiou 2006 reported mild gastrointestinal discomfort in 2 subjects from the AMOX + MTZ + SRP group. | 1 study | Ungraded |
Mechanical tongue cleaning (tongue scraper) vs No tongue cleaning Adverse events · Adolescents and adults aged over 16 years with clinical or self-assessed halitosis of oral origin; excluding induced… · mean 2 weeks Interventions for managing halitosis (2019) · Cochrane | Adverse events: listed in the Summary of findings table but no data reported. No data were reported for adverse events. | 0 studies | No studies |
Hinokitiol gel vs Placebo gel Adverse events · Adolescents and adults aged over 16 years with clinical or self-assessed halitosis of oral origin; excluding induced… · mean 4 weeks Interventions for managing halitosis (2019) · Cochrane | Adverse events: listed in the Summary of findings table but no data reported. No data were reported for adverse events. | 0 studies | No studies |
Acupressure at P6 point with sea band plus sedation vs Sham (dummy) acupressure with sedation Adverse effects · People (older than four years) classified as having gagging that interfered with dental treatment; included trials… Management of gag reflex for patients undergoing dental treatment (2019) · Cochrane | None of the trials comparing acupressure with thumb, device or sea band to sham acupressure with or without sedation reported adverse effects. | 0 studies | No studies |
Ledermix root canal medicament (day 0 to 10) vs Ultracal root canal medicament (day 7 to 10) Adverse effects · People with avulsed and replanted permanent (front) teeth Interventions for treating traumatised permanent front teeth: avulsed (knocked out) and replanted (2019) · Cochrane | Day 2012 used a formal methodology to identify and report adverse effects, with none identified. | 1 study · 22 participants | Ungraded |
Acupressure at P6 point with sea band vs Sham (dummy) acupressure Adverse effects · People (older than four years) classified as having gagging that interfered with dental treatment; included trials… Management of gag reflex for patients undergoing dental treatment (2019) · Cochrane | None of the trials comparing acupressure with thumb, device or sea band to sham acupressure with or without sedation reported adverse effects. | 0 studies | No studies |
1000 mg champignon extract vs Placebo Adverse events · Adolescents and adults aged over 16 years with clinical or self-assessed halitosis of oral origin; excluding induced… · mean 2 weeks Interventions for managing halitosis (2019) · Cochrane | Adverse events: listed in the Summary of findings table but no data reported. No data were reported for adverse events. | 0 studies | No studies |
Combined HBO and perioperative antibiotics prior to dental implant therapy vs Antibiotics alone prior to dental implant therapy Adverse effects (including quality of life) · Adults with head and neck cancer undergoing curative or adjuvant radiotherapy (at risk of osteoradionecrosis of the… · 1 year Interventions for preventing osteoradionecrosis of the jaws in adults receiving head and neck radiotherapy (2019) · Cochrane | This comparison was only made in 1 study which reported no serious adverse events associated with HBO therapy. Quality of life measures (oral status, functioning, satisfaction) showed emotional functioning and pain… | 1 study · 26 participants | Very low |
Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBO) following extractions vs Perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis (penicillin G) following extractions Adverse effects · Adults with head and neck cancer undergoing curative or adjuvant radiotherapy (at risk of osteoradionecrosis of the… · 6 months Interventions for preventing osteoradionecrosis of the jaws in adults receiving head and neck radiotherapy (2019) · Cochrane | Adverse effects were an outcome of interest in the study conducting this comparison, however no mention was made of the presence or absence of any adverse events | 1 study · 74 participants | Very low |
Systemic antibiotic (oral penicillin 500 mg) plus analgesic vs Placebo plus analgesic Number of adverse events · Adults over 18 years presenting with a single tooth with a clinical diagnosis of irreversible pulpitis Antibiotic use for irreversible pulpitis (2019) · Cochrane | Number of adverse events: Outcome not reported. | NR | No studies |
Topical G32 (ayurvedic preparation) vs Chlorhexidine digluconate 1% gel Adverse events · Adolescents and adults aged over 16 years with clinical or self-assessed halitosis of oral origin; excluding induced… · 1 week Interventions for managing halitosis (2019) · Cochrane | Patil 2017 reported burning mucosa and drying of mouth in a few subjects using the control drug (chlorhexidine) and no adverse effects were reported in the intervention group (G32 tablets). | 1 study · 40 participants | Ungraded |
Acupuncture at P6 point vs Sham acupuncture Adverse effects · People (older than four years) classified as having gagging that interfered with dental treatment; included trials… Management of gag reflex for patients undergoing dental treatment (2019) · Cochrane | Adverse effects: 33 participants (1 RCT, Zotelli 2014); very low certainty. The trial authors were unsure whether the reported adverse events (one control participant reported increased sweating) were due to… | 1 study · 33 participants | Very low |
Hyperbaric oxygen (following replantation) vs Control Adverse effects · People with avulsed and replanted permanent (front) teeth Interventions for treating traumatised permanent front teeth: avulsed (knocked out) and replanted (2019) · Cochrane | Chen 2000 did not report this outcome; following email correspondence, authors reported no adverse effects were seen (uncertain whether formally assessed). | 1 study | Ungraded |
Acupressure at P6 point with device vs Sham (dummy) acupressure Adverse effects · People (older than four years) classified as having gagging that interfered with dental treatment; included trials… Management of gag reflex for patients undergoing dental treatment (2019) · Cochrane | None of the trials comparing acupressure with thumb, device or sea band to sham acupressure with or without sedation reported adverse effects. | 0 studies | No studies |
Acupressure at P6 point with device plus sedation vs Sham (dummy) acupressure with sedation Adverse effects · People (older than four years) classified as having gagging that interfered with dental treatment; included trials… Management of gag reflex for patients undergoing dental treatment (2019) · Cochrane | None of the trials comparing acupressure with thumb, device or sea band to sham acupressure with or without sedation reported adverse effects. | 0 studies | No studies |
Thymosin alpha 1 (10-minute soak prior to replantation) vs Control (saline) Adverse effects · People with avulsed and replanted permanent (front) teeth Interventions for treating traumatised permanent front teeth: avulsed (knocked out) and replanted (2019) · Cochrane | Loo 2008 did not report this outcome; following email correspondence, authors reported no adverse effects were seen (uncertain whether formally assessed). | 1 study | Ungraded |
Acupressure at P6 point with thumb plus sedation vs Sham (dummy) acupressure with sedation Adverse effects · People (older than four years) classified as having gagging that interfered with dental treatment; included trials… Management of gag reflex for patients undergoing dental treatment (2019) · Cochrane | None of the trials comparing acupressure with thumb, device or sea band to sham acupressure with or without sedation reported adverse effects. | 0 studies | No studies |
0.6% eucalyptus chewing gum vs Placebo chewing gum Adverse events · Adolescents and adults aged over 16 years with clinical or self-assessed halitosis of oral origin; excluding induced… · mean 4 weeks Interventions for managing halitosis (2019) · Cochrane | Adverse events: listed in the Summary of findings table but no data reported. No data were reported for adverse events. | 0 studies | No studies |
PRP (platelet-rich plasma) in cellulose foam placed in extraction socket vs No treatment/placebo (cellulose foam only) placed in extraction socket Adverse effects (wound pain) · Adults with head and neck cancer undergoing curative or adjuvant radiotherapy (at risk of osteoradionecrosis of the… · 2 weeks to 12 months Interventions for preventing osteoradionecrosis of the jaws in adults receiving head and neck radiotherapy (2019) · Cochrane | This comparison was only made in 1 study: mean pain scores at 2 weeks, 2, 6, 9, and 12 months showed no 'significant' differences between the 2 groups (self-reported Likert scale 1 to 10; difference at 2 weeks P =… | 1 study · 44 participants | Very low |
Acupressure at P6 point with thumb vs Sham (dummy) acupressure Adverse effects · People (older than four years) classified as having gagging that interfered with dental treatment; included trials… Management of gag reflex for patients undergoing dental treatment (2019) · Cochrane | None of the trials comparing acupressure with thumb, device or sea band to sham acupressure with or without sedation reported adverse effects. | 0 studies | No studies |
Professionally-applied 12,300 ppm F APF foam, every 2 months vs 0 ppm F placebo foam Adverse effects · Orthodontic patients of any age with fixed braces (new DLs assessed at debond) · At debond (end of orthodontic treatment) Fluorides for preventing early tooth decay (demineralised lesions) during fixed brace treatment (2019) · Cochrane | SoF 2. Adverse effects: none of the trials reported this outcome. | 0 studies | No studies |
Acupuncture at P6 point with sedation vs Sham (dummy) acupuncture with sedation Adverse effects · People (older than four years) classified as having gagging that interfered with dental treatment; included trials… Management of gag reflex for patients undergoing dental treatment (2019) · Cochrane | Adverse effects: none of the trials reported this outcome (Lu 2000 did not report adverse events). | 0 studies | No studies |
Antifibrinolytic therapy (tranexamic acid or epsilon aminocaproic acid) vs Placebo, no intervention or usual care (with or without placebo) Side effects or other adverse events · People with haemophilia (A or B) undergoing minor oral surgery or dental extractions · Up to 10 days postoperative Antifibrinolytic therapy for preventing oral bleeding in patients with haemophilia or Von Willebrand disease… (2019) · Cochrane | RD 0.034 [-0.32, 0.38] | 2 studies · 59 participants | Low |
4% prilocaine plain vs 2% lidocaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine Adverse effects: pain following injection · Participants of any age and gender undergoing dental procedures, and volunteers who took part in simulated scenario… Injectable local anaesthetic agents for dental anaesthesia (2018) · Cochrane | SoF: Not measured. | 0 studies | No studies |
ADMG + CAF vs CAF Occurrence of adverse effects or postoperative complications · Adult patients with single (localised) recession-type defects (Miller Class I/II, at least 3 mm) · Short term (6 to 12 months) Root coverage procedures for treating localised and multiple recession‐type defects (2018) · Cochrane | Ahmedbeyli 2014: patients rated ADMG + CAF and CAF equally for pain during surgery, discomfort, postsurgical pain/swelling and complications | 1 study | Ungraded |
4% articaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine vs 2% mepivacaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine Adverse effects: pain following injection · Participants of any age and gender undergoing dental procedures, and volunteers who took part in simulated scenario… Injectable local anaesthetic agents for dental anaesthesia (2018) · Cochrane | SoF: Not measured. | 0 studies | No studies |
HP paint-on gel vs HP paint-on gel Adverse effects · Adults (>=18 years) undergoing home-based bleaching (including tetracycline- and smoking-stained teeth, any baseline… Home‐based chemically‐induced whitening (bleaching) of teeth in adults (2018) · Cochrane | Tooth sensitivity in both groups with no evidence of a difference (Ziebolz 2008) | 1 study | Ungraded |
4% articaine, 1:200,000 epinephrine vs 4% articaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine Adverse effects: pain on injection (solution deposition) · Participants of any age and gender undergoing dental procedures, and volunteers who took part in simulated scenario… Injectable local anaesthetic agents for dental anaesthesia (2018) · Cochrane | SoF: See comment (orphan study); 86 participants, 172 interventions (1 study). Not pooled/graded. | 1 study · 86 participants | Ungraded |
HP gel in tray vs Placebo Adverse effects · Adults (>=18 years) undergoing home-based bleaching (including tetracycline- and smoking-stained teeth, any baseline… Home‐based chemically‐induced whitening (bleaching) of teeth in adults (2018) · Cochrane | Not reported | NR | No studies |
GTR rm + CAF vs SCTG + CAF Occurrence of adverse effects or postoperative complications · Adult patients with single (localised) recession-type defects (Miller Class I/II, at least 3 mm) · Short term (6 to 12 months) Root coverage procedures for treating localised and multiple recession‐type defects (2018) · Cochrane | Wang 2001: two patients treated with SCTG experienced adverse effects (one postsurgical swelling, one postsurgical ecchymosis) | 1 study | Ungraded |
0.5% bupivacaine, 1:200,000 epinephrine vs 2% lidocaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine Adverse effects: allergy to local anaesthetic · Participants of any age and gender undergoing dental procedures, and volunteers who took part in simulated scenario… Injectable local anaesthetic agents for dental anaesthesia (2018) · Cochrane | SoF: Not measured. | 0 studies | No studies |
Pedicled buccal fat pad flap (PBFPF) vs Buccal flap (BF) Adverse effects of treatment failure (such as graft necrosis and rejection or chronic sinusitis) · People of any age with oro-antral communications, fistulae, or both caused by dental procedures Interventions for treating oro‐antral communications and fistulae due to dental procedures (2018) · Cochrane | None reported as there were no treatment failures. | 1 study · 20 participants | Ungraded |
CP paint-on gel vs Placebo Adverse effects · Adults (>=18 years) undergoing home-based bleaching (including tetracycline- and smoking-stained teeth, any baseline… Home‐based chemically‐induced whitening (bleaching) of teeth in adults (2018) · Cochrane | Not reported | NR | No studies |
4% articaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine vs 2% mepivacaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine Adverse effects: allergy to local anaesthetic · Participants of any age and gender undergoing dental procedures, and volunteers who took part in simulated scenario… Injectable local anaesthetic agents for dental anaesthesia (2018) · Cochrane | SoF: Not measured. | 0 studies | No studies |
Orthodontic treatment without extraction of permanent teeth (removable, fixed, or functional braces, or headgear) vs No treatment (or delayed treatment) Side effects · Children (80% aged <= 16 years) with a Class II division 2 malocclusion (deep bite and retroclined upper front teeth) Orthodontic treatment for deep bite and retroclined upper front teeth in children (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies | No studies |
CP gel in tray vs Placebo Adverse effects · Adults (>=18 years) undergoing home-based bleaching (including tetracycline- and smoking-stained teeth, any baseline… Home‐based chemically‐induced whitening (bleaching) of teeth in adults (2018) · Cochrane | Main adverse events reported in majority of trials were mild and transient tooth sensitivity and oral irritation which occurred more in the intervention group compared to placebo | 3 studies | Ungraded |
Maxillary distraction osteogenesis vs Orthognathic surgery (conventional Le Fort I osteotomy) Clinical morbidities (adverse effects) · Adolescents or adults (15 years or older) with an established diagnosis of complete cleft lip and alveolar process, or… · 12 months Maxillary distraction osteogenesis versus orthognathic surgery for cleft lip and palate patients (2018) · Cochrane | SoF (Very Low): Clinical morbidities assessed with questionnaires, follow-up 12 months; risk with orthognathic surgery 3/14; risk with maxillary distraction osteogenesis 3/15; relative effect -; 29 participants (1… | 1 study · 29 participants | Very low |
3% prilocaine, 0.03 IU felypressin vs 2% lidocaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine Adverse effects: pain on injection (solution deposition) · Participants of any age and gender undergoing dental procedures, and volunteers who took part in simulated scenario… Injectable local anaesthetic agents for dental anaesthesia (2018) · Cochrane | SoF: Not measured. | 0 studies | No studies |
HP strips vs HP gel in tray Adverse effects · Adults (>=18 years) undergoing home-based bleaching (including tetracycline- and smoking-stained teeth, any baseline… Home‐based chemically‐induced whitening (bleaching) of teeth in adults (2018) · Cochrane | Tooth sensitivity and oral irritation mild and transient and did not differ between groups | 2 studies | Ungraded |
4% articaine, 1:200,000 epinephrine vs 0.5% bupivacaine, 1:200,000 epinephrine Adverse effects: pain on injection (solution deposition) · Participants of any age and gender undergoing dental procedures, and volunteers who took part in simulated scenario… Injectable local anaesthetic agents for dental anaesthesia (2018) · Cochrane | SoF: See comment (orphan study; unclear whether data relate to just solution deposition; SDs not reported); 18 participants, 36 interventions (1 study). Not pooled/graded. | 1 study · 18 participants | Ungraded |
Orthodontic treatment without extraction of permanent teeth vs Orthodontic treatment involving extraction of permanent teeth Side effects · Children (80% aged <= 16 years) with a Class II division 2 malocclusion (deep bite and retroclined upper front teeth) Orthodontic treatment for deep bite and retroclined upper front teeth in children (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies | No studies |
4% prilocaine plain vs 2% lidocaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine Adverse effects: allergy to local anaesthetic · Participants of any age and gender undergoing dental procedures, and volunteers who took part in simulated scenario… Injectable local anaesthetic agents for dental anaesthesia (2018) · Cochrane | SoF: Not measured. | 0 studies | No studies |
4% articaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine vs 2% lidocaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine Adverse effects: paraesthesia following injection · Participants of any age and gender undergoing dental procedures, and volunteers who took part in simulated scenario… Injectable local anaesthetic agents for dental anaesthesia (2018) · Cochrane | SoF: Not measured. | 0 studies | No studies |
0.5% bupivacaine, 1:200,000 epinephrine vs 2% lidocaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine Adverse effects: pain following injection · Participants of any age and gender undergoing dental procedures, and volunteers who took part in simulated scenario… Injectable local anaesthetic agents for dental anaesthesia (2018) · Cochrane | SoF: Not measured. | 0 studies | No studies |