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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
3 questions in 1 reviews · cluster CL0274
current versionsNo studies 1 · 33.3%Ungraded 0 · 0%Very low 0 · 0%Low 2 · 66.7%Moderate 0 · 0%High 0 · 0%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
Intervention categories, outcome domains and clusters are a proposed key pending human validation. Clear all filters
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Higher water fluoride concentration (fluoridated water; natural or artificial) vs Lower water fluoride concentration (concurrent control) Dental fluorosis of aesthetic concern (Dean's Index, TFI, TSIF) · Populations of all ages (mostly children) exposed to drinking water with differing fluoride concentrations · Cross-sectional Water fluoridation for the prevention of dental caries (2015) · Cochrane | OR 2.90 [2.05, 4.10] | 40 studies · 59630 participants | Low |
Higher water fluoride concentration (fluoridated water; natural or artificial) vs Lower water fluoride concentration (concurrent control) Dental fluorosis of any level (all severities) · Populations of all ages (mostly children) exposed to drinking water with differing fluoride concentrations · Cross-sectional Water fluoridation for the prevention of dental caries (2015) · Cochrane | OR 3.60 [2.86, 4.53] | 90 studies · 180530 participants | Low |
Cessation of water fluoridation (fluoride removed from the water supply) vs Continued fluoridated water Adverse effects · People of all ages in a previously fluoridated community (Maupome 2001: children with generally low caries experience) Water fluoridation for the prevention of dental caries (2015) · Cochrane | No evidence to determine whether cessation of a water fluoridation programme is associated with any harms. | 0 studies | No studies |