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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
71 questions in 6 reviews · cluster CL0264
current versionsNo studies 23 · 32.4%Ungraded 28 · 39.4%Very low 16 · 22.5%Low 1 · 1.4%Moderate 3 · 4.2%High 0 · 0%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
Intervention categories, outcome domains and clusters are a proposed key pending human validation. Clear all filters
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Fluoride agent (silver diamine fluoride, SDF) vs No biomimetic remineralization (control) Immediate (24 h) resin-dentin bond strength (MPa) · Artificial caries-affected dentin (ACAD) in extracted permanent human teeth (in vitro) · 24 h (immediate), Self-Etch + biological ACAD Biomimetic Remineralization Strategies for Dentin Bond Stability-Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis. (2025) | Only 1 in vitro study (de Siqueira et al., 2020) assessed Self-Etch adhesive with biological ACAD; insufficient to perform a network meta-analysis, so no pooled estimate is reported. | 1 study | Ungraded |
Fluoride agent (e.g., NaF/SDF/KF/CaF2) vs No biomimetic remineralization (control) Immediate (24 h) resin-dentin bond strength (MPa) · Artificial caries-affected dentin (ACAD) in extracted permanent human teeth (in vitro) · 24 h (immediate), Etch-and-Rinse + biological ACAD Biomimetic Remineralization Strategies for Dentin Bond Stability-Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis. (2025) | MD 4.197 [1.080, 7.314] | 4 studies | Moderate |
Fluoride agent (e.g., NaF/SDF/KF/CaF2) vs No biomimetic remineralization (control) Immediate (24 h) resin-dentin bond strength (MPa) · Artificial caries-affected dentin (ACAD) in extracted permanent human teeth (in vitro) · 24 h (immediate), Etch-and-Rinse + chemical ACAD Biomimetic Remineralization Strategies for Dentin Bond Stability-Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis. (2025) | MD -0.120 [-3.783, 3.544] | 8 studies | Very low |
Fluoride agent (e.g., NaF/SDF/KF/CaF2) vs No biomimetic remineralization (control) Immediate (24 h) resin-dentin bond strength (MPa) · Artificial caries-affected dentin (ACAD) in extracted permanent human teeth (in vitro) · 24 h (immediate), Self-Etch + chemical ACAD Biomimetic Remineralization Strategies for Dentin Bond Stability-Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis. (2025) | MD -0.601 [-2.932, 1.730] | 8 studies | Moderate |
Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) vs Glass ionomer cement (GIC) plus fluoride varnish Secondary prevention of caries · Children and adults (with or without carious lesions) Topical silver diamine fluoride (SDF) for preventing and managing dental caries in children and adults (2024) · Cochrane | No studies reported data for this outcome in this comparison | 0 studies | No studies |
Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) vs Fluoride varnish Aesthetics · Children and adults (with or without carious lesions) · 12 months, Children Topical silver diamine fluoride (SDF) for preventing and managing dental caries in children and adults (2024) · Cochrane | OR 0.68 [0.41, 1.11] | 1 study · 263 participants | Very low |
Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) vs Chlorhexidine varnish Secondary prevention of caries · Children and adults (with or without carious lesions) Topical silver diamine fluoride (SDF) for preventing and managing dental caries in children and adults (2024) · Cochrane | No studies reported data for this outcome in this comparison | 0 studies | No studies |
Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) vs Silver nitrate plus fluoride varnish Primary caries prevention · Children and adults (with or without carious lesions) Topical silver diamine fluoride (SDF) for preventing and managing dental caries in children and adults (2024) · Cochrane | No studies reported data for this outcome in this comparison | 0 studies | No studies |
SDF (given at a particular frequency, concentration, or duration) vs SDF (given at a different frequency, concentration, or duration) Aesthetics · Children and adults (with or without carious lesions) · 24 months, Children Topical silver diamine fluoride (SDF) for preventing and managing dental caries in children and adults (2024) · Cochrane | 1 study (119 children) reported that 45% parents were satisfied with child's dental appearance (data not reported by study group) | 1 study · 119 participants | Very low |
Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) vs Glass ionomer cement (GIC) plus fluoride varnish Aesthetics · Children and adults (with or without carious lesions) Topical silver diamine fluoride (SDF) for preventing and managing dental caries in children and adults (2024) · Cochrane | No studies reported data for this outcome in this comparison | 0 studies | No studies |
Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) vs Sealants or resin infiltration Secondary prevention of caries · Children and adults (with or without carious lesions) · 24 months, Primary dentition (coronal) Topical silver diamine fluoride (SDF) for preventing and managing dental caries in children and adults (2024) · Cochrane | OR 2.76 [0.67, 11.43] | 1 study · 75 participants | Ungraded |
Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) vs Restoration (restorative treatment) Aesthetics · Children and adults (with or without carious lesions) · 6 to 12 months, Children Topical silver diamine fluoride (SDF) for preventing and managing dental caries in children and adults (2024) · Cochrane | Cleary 2022 reported no significant differences (P > 0.05) in parental acceptability, satisfaction, and preference between treatments at 6 and 12 months; at 12 months children in the restoration arm felt happier with… | 1 study | Very low |
Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) plus fluoride varnish vs Sealants plus fluoride varnish (with or without restorations) Aesthetics · Children and adults (with or without carious lesions) Topical silver diamine fluoride (SDF) for preventing and managing dental caries in children and adults (2024) · Cochrane | No studies reported data for this outcome in this comparison | 0 studies | No studies |
Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) vs Atraumatic restorative treatment (ART) with glass ionomer cement (GIC) or glass ionomer material Secondary prevention of caries · Children and adults (with or without carious lesions) · Primary and permanent dentition Topical silver diamine fluoride (SDF) for preventing and managing dental caries in children and adults (2024) · Cochrane | No studies reported this outcome | 0 studies | No studies |
Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) vs Sealants or resin infiltration Aesthetics · Children and adults (with or without carious lesions) Topical silver diamine fluoride (SDF) for preventing and managing dental caries in children and adults (2024) · Cochrane | No studies reported data for this outcome | 0 studies | No studies |
Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) vs Sealants or resin infiltration Primary caries prevention · Children and adults (with or without carious lesions) · Permanent dentition (root) Topical silver diamine fluoride (SDF) for preventing and managing dental caries in children and adults (2024) · Cochrane | No studies reported data in this dentition type | 0 studies | No studies |
Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) vs Sealants or resin infiltration Primary caries prevention · Children and adults (with or without carious lesions) · 18 months, Permanent dentition (coronal) Topical silver diamine fluoride (SDF) for preventing and managing dental caries in children and adults (2024) · Cochrane | OR 1.76 [0.74, 4.20] | 1 study · 242 participants | Very low |
Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) vs Sealants or resin infiltration Primary caries prevention · Children and adults (with or without carious lesions) · Primary dentition Topical silver diamine fluoride (SDF) for preventing and managing dental caries in children and adults (2024) · Cochrane | No studies reported data in this dentition type | 0 studies | No studies |
Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) vs Placebo or no treatment Secondary prevention of caries · Children and adults (with or without carious lesions) · Permanent dentition (root) Topical silver diamine fluoride (SDF) for preventing and managing dental caries in children and adults (2024) · Cochrane | No studies measured this outcome for root surfaces | 0 studies | No studies |
Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) vs Placebo or no treatment Secondary prevention of caries · Children and adults (with or without carious lesions) · 24 months, Permanent dentition (coronal) Topical silver diamine fluoride (SDF) for preventing and managing dental caries in children and adults (2024) · Cochrane | Peto OR 44.22 [33.12, 59.04] | 1 study · 663 participants | Very low |
Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) vs Fluoride varnish Primary caries prevention · Children and adults (with or without carious lesions) · 36 months, Permanent dentition (root) Topical silver diamine fluoride (SDF) for preventing and managing dental caries in children and adults (2024) · Cochrane | MD -0.20 [-0.91, 0.51] | 1 study · 100 participants | Very low |
Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) vs Placebo or no treatment Primary caries prevention · Children and adults (with or without carious lesions) · 36 months, Primary dentition Topical silver diamine fluoride (SDF) for preventing and managing dental caries in children and adults (2024) · Cochrane | MD -1.14 [-1.58, -0.70] | 1 study · 373 participants | Very low |
Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) vs Fluoride varnish Secondary prevention of caries · Children and adults (with or without carious lesions) · Permanent dentition (root) Topical silver diamine fluoride (SDF) for preventing and managing dental caries in children and adults (2024) · Cochrane | No studies reported data in this dentition type | 0 studies | No studies |
Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) vs Placebo or no treatment Primary caries prevention · Children and adults (with or without carious lesions) · 24 to 36 months, Permanent dentition (root) Topical silver diamine fluoride (SDF) for preventing and managing dental caries in children and adults (2024) · Cochrane | MD -0.79 [-1.40, -0.17] | 3 studies · 439 participants | Moderate |
Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) vs Atraumatic restorative treatment (ART) with glass ionomer cement (GIC) or glass ionomer material Primary caries prevention · Children and adults (with or without carious lesions) · Primary and permanent dentition Topical silver diamine fluoride (SDF) for preventing and managing dental caries in children and adults (2024) · Cochrane | No studies reported this outcome | 0 studies | No studies |
Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) vs Glass ionomer cement (GIC) plus fluoride varnish Primary caries prevention · Children and adults (with or without carious lesions) Topical silver diamine fluoride (SDF) for preventing and managing dental caries in children and adults (2024) · Cochrane | No studies reported data for this outcome in this comparison | 0 studies | No studies |
Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) vs Chlorhexidine varnish Primary caries prevention · Children and adults (with or without carious lesions) · 36 months, Permanent dentition (root) Topical silver diamine fluoride (SDF) for preventing and managing dental caries in children and adults (2024) · Cochrane | MD -0.40 [-0.95, 0.15] | 1 study · 99 participants | Very low |
Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) vs Restoration (restorative treatment) Secondary prevention of caries · Children and adults (with or without carious lesions) Topical silver diamine fluoride (SDF) for preventing and managing dental caries in children and adults (2024) · Cochrane | No studies reported data for this outcome in this comparison | 0 studies | No studies |
Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) vs Silver nitrate plus fluoride varnish Secondary prevention of caries · Children and adults (with or without carious lesions) Topical silver diamine fluoride (SDF) for preventing and managing dental caries in children and adults (2024) · Cochrane | No studies reported data for this outcome in this comparison | 0 studies | No studies |
Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) vs Fluoride varnish Secondary prevention of caries · Children and adults (with or without carious lesions) · 30 months, Primary dentition Topical silver diamine fluoride (SDF) for preventing and managing dental caries in children and adults (2024) · Cochrane | MD 0.04 [-0.30, 0.38] | 1 study · 309 participants | Very low |
Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) vs Chlorhexidine varnish Aesthetics · Children and adults (with or without carious lesions) Topical silver diamine fluoride (SDF) for preventing and managing dental caries in children and adults (2024) · Cochrane | No studies reported data for this outcome in this comparison | 0 studies | No studies |
Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) vs Fluoride varnish Primary caries prevention · Children and adults (with or without carious lesions) · 24 months, Permanent dentition (coronal) Topical silver diamine fluoride (SDF) for preventing and managing dental caries in children and adults (2024) · Cochrane | OR 0.95 [0.44, 2.05] | 1 study · 237 participants | Very low |
Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) vs Fluoride varnish Primary caries prevention · Children and adults (with or without carious lesions) · 12 months, Primary dentition Topical silver diamine fluoride (SDF) for preventing and managing dental caries in children and adults (2024) · Cochrane | MD 0.00 [-0.26, 0.26] | 1 study · 434 participants | Low |
Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) plus fluoride varnish vs Sealants plus fluoride varnish (with or without restorations) Secondary prevention of caries · Children and adults (with or without carious lesions) Topical silver diamine fluoride (SDF) for preventing and managing dental caries in children and adults (2024) · Cochrane | No studies reported data for this outcome in this comparison | 0 studies | No studies |
Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) plus fluoride varnish vs Sealants plus fluoride varnish (with or without restorations) Primary caries prevention · Children and adults (with or without carious lesions) Topical silver diamine fluoride (SDF) for preventing and managing dental caries in children and adults (2024) · Cochrane | No studies reported data for this outcome in this comparison | 0 studies | No studies |
SDF (given at a particular frequency, concentration, or duration) vs SDF (given at a different frequency, concentration, or duration) Secondary prevention of caries · Children and adults (with or without carious lesions) · 30 months, Primary dentition Topical silver diamine fluoride (SDF) for preventing and managing dental caries in children and adults (2024) · Cochrane | MD -0.10 [-0.61, 0.41] | 1 study · 203 participants | Very low |
Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) vs Placebo or no treatment Aesthetics · Children and adults (with or without carious lesions) · 30 months, Adults Topical silver diamine fluoride (SDF) for preventing and managing dental caries in children and adults (2024) · Cochrane | 1 study reported that "only 19 (7%) [older adult participants] raised a complaint about the interventions at the 30-mo [month] examination, and half of them complained of black stain on the treated root surfaces." No… | 1 study · 43 participants | Very low |
Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) vs Restoration (restorative treatment) Primary caries prevention · Children and adults (with or without carious lesions) Topical silver diamine fluoride (SDF) for preventing and managing dental caries in children and adults (2024) · Cochrane | No studies reported data for this outcome in this comparison | 0 studies | No studies |
Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) vs Placebo or no treatment Primary caries prevention · Children and adults (with or without carious lesions) · 36 months, Permanent dentition (coronal) Topical silver diamine fluoride (SDF) for preventing and managing dental caries in children and adults (2024) · Cochrane | MD -0.69 [-0.97, -0.41] | 1 study · 373 participants | Very low |
Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) vs Silver nitrate plus fluoride varnish Aesthetics · Children and adults (with or without carious lesions) Topical silver diamine fluoride (SDF) for preventing and managing dental caries in children and adults (2024) · Cochrane | No studies reported data for this outcome in this comparison | 0 studies | No studies |
Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) vs Placebo or no treatment Secondary prevention of caries · Children and adults (with or without carious lesions) · 18 months, Primary dentition Topical silver diamine fluoride (SDF) for preventing and managing dental caries in children and adults (2024) · Cochrane | OR 1.08 [0.52, 2.23] | 1 study · 128 participants | Very low |
Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) vs Fluoride varnish Secondary prevention of caries · Children and adults (with or without carious lesions) · Permanent dentition (coronal) Topical silver diamine fluoride (SDF) for preventing and managing dental caries in children and adults (2024) · Cochrane | No studies reported data in this dentition type | 0 studies | No studies |
SDF (given at a particular frequency, concentration, or duration) vs SDF (given at a different frequency, concentration, or duration) Primary caries prevention · Children and adults (with or without carious lesions) Topical silver diamine fluoride (SDF) for preventing and managing dental caries in children and adults (2024) · Cochrane | No studies reported data for this outcome | 0 studies | No studies |
Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) vs Atraumatic restorative treatment (ART) with glass ionomer cement (GIC) or glass ionomer material Aesthetics · Children and adults (with or without carious lesions) · 24 months, Children Topical silver diamine fluoride (SDF) for preventing and managing dental caries in children and adults (2024) · Cochrane | 1 study reported that 45% of parents were satisfied with appearance of their child's teeth; data not reported by study group. 1 study reported that 1 of 34 caregivers in SDF group were "annoyed with teeth appearance",… | 2 studies · 248 participants | Very low |
38% SDF vs Atraumatic restorative treatment (ART) Caries/restoration status in permanent molars · Children with dental caries in permanent (first) molars · 9 months, Satyarup 2022 (school setting, India) A systematic review on the effect of silver diamine fluoride for management of dental caries in permanent… (2023) | Satyarup et al. (2022): 38% SDF vs ART; SDF group 5.6% carious teeth with partly lost restorations vs ART 16.7% carious with partly lost and 8.9% carious with completely lost restorations (p=0.004, favoring SDF). | 1 study · 190 participants | Ungraded |
38% SDF plus oral health instruction vs oral health instruction plus tonic water new root-surface carious lesions or restorations · community-dwelling older adults with root caries · 30 months A systematic review on the effect of silver diamine fluoride for management of dental caries in permanent… (2023) | Preventative fraction (%) 62 | 1 study · 323 participants | Ungraded |
38% SDF plus potassium iodide and oral health instruction vs oral health instruction plus tonic water new root-surface carious lesions or restorations · community-dwelling older adults with root caries · 30 months A systematic review on the effect of silver diamine fluoride for management of dental caries in permanent… (2023) | Preventative fraction (%) 52 | 1 study · 323 participants | Ungraded |
38% SDF (one-time application) vs Inactive control (water or no treatment) New coronal carious lesions or fillings on permanent (first) molars (caries prevention) · Children with dental caries in permanent (first) molars · 18 months, Monse 2012 (SDF one-time, with toothbrushing programme) A systematic review on the effect of silver diamine fluoride for management of dental caries in permanent… (2023) | Mean new caries increment (surfaces) 0.09 | 1 study · 1016 participants | Ungraded |
38% SDF every 6 months vs no treatment new active or inactive carious lesions · schoolchildren with caries in permanent first molars · 36 months A systematic review on the effect of silver diamine fluoride for management of dental caries in permanent… (2023) | Preventative fraction (%) 72 | 1 study · 452 participants | Ungraded |
38% SDF every 12 months vs water every 12 months new carious lesions or fillings at tooth level · children with caries in permanent molars · 24 months A systematic review on the effect of silver diamine fluoride for management of dental caries in permanent… (2023) | Preventative fraction (%) 41 | 1 study · 501 participants | Ungraded |