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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.

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Intervention or exposure

Comparison

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Review versions

2 questions in 1 reviews · intervention: Fluoride toothpaste/dentifrice · outcome domain: Association/risk factor

current versions

No studies 0 · 0%Ungraded 2 · 100%Very low 0 · 0%Low 0 · 0%Moderate 0 · 0%High 0 · 0%

Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.

Intervention categories, outcome domains and clusters are a proposed key pending human validation. Clear all filters

Question	Effect	Evidence	Status / GRADE
Total daily fluoride intake (TDFI) and daily fluoride intake from toothpaste Correlation between daily urinary fluoride excretion (DUFE) and fluoride intake · Children and adults with 24-h urinary fluoride monitoring (9 studies reporting both intake and urine; Table 2) · 24-h urine collection, High-fluoride-area data from Idowu et al. [46,47] excluded Fluoride Intake Through Dental Care Products: A Systematic Review. (2022)	R2 (coefficient of determination) <0.07	9 studies	Ungraded
Daily fluoride intake from toothpaste vs Child age (across age groups) Association between age and daily fluoride intake from toothpaste · Children using fluoride toothpaste (all tap-water fluoride categories) · All tap-water fluoride categories; Levy et al. [20,22,24] data excluded Fluoride Intake Through Dental Care Products: A Systematic Review. (2022)	R2 (coefficient of determination) <0.14	NR	Ungraded