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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.

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Review versions

13 questions in 3 reviews · intervention: Fluoride gel/foam · outcome domain: Caries increment (DMFS/DMFT)

current versions

No studies 1 · 7.7%Ungraded 10 · 76.9%Very low 0 · 0%Low 1 · 7.7%Moderate 1 · 7.7%High 0 · 0%

Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.

Intervention categories, outcome domains and clusters are a proposed key pending human validation. Clear all filters

Question	Effect	Evidence	Status / GRADE
Fluoride gel (topically applied; operator- or self-applied; any fluoride agent/concentration; frequency at least once a year) vs Placebo or no treatment Caries increment on permanent whole teeth (D(M)FT), prevented fraction · Children and adolescents aged 16 years or younger (permanent dentition) · Nearest to 3 years Fluoride gels for preventing dental caries in children and adolescents (2015) · Cochrane	PF 0.32 [0.19, 0.46]	10 studies	Ungraded
Fluoride gel (topically applied; operator- or self-applied; any fluoride agent/concentration; frequency at least once a year) vs Placebo or no treatment Caries increment on permanent tooth surfaces (D(M)FS), prevented fraction · Children and adolescents aged 16 years or younger (permanent dentition) · Nearest to 3 years, Placebo-controlled trials Fluoride gels for preventing dental caries in children and adolescents (2015) · Cochrane	PF 0.21 [0.15, 0.28]	15 studies · 5671 participants	Ungraded
Fluoride gel (topically applied; operator- or self-applied; any fluoride agent/concentration; frequency at least once a year) vs Placebo or no treatment Caries increment on permanent whole teeth (D(M)FT), prevented fraction · Children and adolescents aged 16 years or younger (permanent dentition) · Nearest to 3 years, Placebo-controlled trials Fluoride gels for preventing dental caries in children and adolescents (2015) · Cochrane	PF 0.18 [0.09, 0.27]	4 studies	Ungraded
Fluoride gel (topically applied; operator- or self-applied; any fluoride agent/concentration; frequency at least once a year) vs Placebo or no treatment Caries increment on primary (deciduous) tooth surfaces (d(e/m)fs), prevented fraction · Children with primary (deciduous) teeth (mostly preschool children aged under 6 years) · Nearest to 3 years Fluoride gels for preventing dental caries in children and adolescents (2015) · Cochrane	PF 0.20 [0.01, 0.38]	3 studies · 1254 participants	Low
Fluoride gel (topically applied; operator- or self-applied; any fluoride agent/concentration; frequency at least once a year) vs Placebo or no treatment Caries increment on permanent tooth surfaces (D(M)FS), prevented fraction · Children and adolescents aged 16 years or younger (permanent dentition) · Nearest to 3 years, No-treatment-controlled trials Fluoride gels for preventing dental caries in children and adolescents (2015) · Cochrane	PF 0.38 [0.24, 0.52]	10 studies · 2808 participants	Ungraded
Fluoride gel (topically applied; operator- or self-applied; any fluoride agent/concentration; frequency at least once a year) vs Placebo or no treatment Caries increment on permanent tooth surfaces (D(M)FS), prevented fraction · Children and adolescents aged 16 years or younger (permanent dentition) · Nearest to 3 years Fluoride gels for preventing dental caries in children and adolescents (2015) · Cochrane	PF 0.28 [0.19, 0.36]	25 studies · 8479 participants	Moderate
Fluoride gel (topically applied; operator- or self-applied; any fluoride agent/concentration; frequency at least once a year) vs Placebo or no treatment Caries increment on permanent whole teeth (D(M)FT), prevented fraction · Children and adolescents aged 16 years or younger (permanent dentition) · Nearest to 3 years, No-treatment-controlled trials Fluoride gels for preventing dental caries in children and adolescents (2015) · Cochrane	PF 0.43 [0.29, 0.57]	6 studies	Ungraded
Fluoride gel (topically applied; operator- or self-applied; any fluoride agent/concentration; frequency at least once a year) vs Placebo or no treatment Caries increment on primary (deciduous) whole teeth (d(m)ft), prevented fraction · Children with primary (deciduous) teeth (mostly preschool children aged under 6 years) · Nearest to 3 years Fluoride gels for preventing dental caries in children and adolescents (2015) · Cochrane	There were no data on d(m)ft available.	0 studies	No studies
Fluoride gel combined with fluoride mouthrinse vs Fluoride gel alone Caries increment in permanent teeth: D(M)FS (prevented fraction) · Children or adolescents aged 16 years or less · Nearest to 3 years Combinations of topical fluoride (toothpastes, mouthrinses, gels, varnishes) versus single topical fluoride… (2004) · Cochrane	PF 0.23 [0.04, 0.43]	2 studies · 497 participants	Ungraded
Fluoride mouthrinse combined with fluoride gel vs Fluoride mouthrinse alone Caries increment in permanent teeth: D(M)FS (prevented fraction) · Children or adolescents aged 16 years or less · Nearest to 3 years Combinations of topical fluoride (toothpastes, mouthrinses, gels, varnishes) versus single topical fluoride… (2004) · Cochrane	PF 0.02 [-0.20, 0.24]	1 study · 252 participants	Ungraded
Fluoride gel vs Fluoride mouthrinse Caries increment (D(M)FS), permanent teeth · Children or adolescents aged 16 or less at the start of the study · 1 to 3 years (final follow-up) One topical fluoride (toothpastes, or mouthrinses, or gels, or varnishes) versus another for preventing… (2004) · Cochrane	PF -0.14 [-0.40, 0.12]	1 study · 257 participants	Ungraded
Fluoride gel combined with fluoride toothpaste vs Fluoride gel alone Caries increment in permanent teeth: D(M)FS (prevented fraction) · Children or adolescents aged 16 years or less · Nearest to 3 years Combinations of topical fluoride (toothpastes, mouthrinses, gels, varnishes) versus single topical fluoride… (2004) · Cochrane	PF 0.10 [-0.01, 0.21]	3 studies · 759 participants	Ungraded
Fluoride gel combined with fluoride toothpaste vs Fluoride toothpaste alone Caries increment in permanent teeth: D(M)FS (prevented fraction) · Children or adolescents aged 16 years or less · Nearest to 3 years Combinations of topical fluoride (toothpastes, mouthrinses, gels, varnishes) versus single topical fluoride… (2004) · Cochrane	PF 0.14 [-0.09, 0.38]	3 studies · 1217 participants	Ungraded