What do systematic reviews say?

Rehabilitation interventions vs usual care

• Pulmonary rehabilitation for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  8 studies · 694 participants
  Moderate

Rehabilitation interventions vs usual care

• Pulmonary rehabilitation for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  38 studies · 1879 participants
  Very low

Rehabilitation interventions vs usual care

• Pulmonary rehabilitation for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  16 studies · 779 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

The intervention showed no clear difference in number of participants with exacerbations requiring systemic steroids (moderate certainty).

• Addition of long‐acting beta₂‐agonists to inhaled corticosteroids for chronic asthma in children 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.95 [0.7, 1.28]
  12 studies · 1669 participants
  Moderate

Intervention not reported

The intervention showed no clear difference in serious adverse events (moderate certainty).

• Addition of long‐acting beta₂‐agonists to inhaled corticosteroids for chronic asthma in children 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.54 [0.81, 2.94]
  7 studies · 1343 participants
  Moderate

Intervention not reported

The intervention showed no clear difference in total number of withdrawals (moderate certainty).

• Addition of long‐acting beta₂‐agonists to inhaled corticosteroids for chronic asthma in children 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.96 [0.67, 1.37]
  7 studies · 1491 participants
  Moderate

Intervention not reported

• Addition of long‐acting beta₂‐agonists to inhaled corticosteroids for chronic asthma in children 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 526 participants
  Moderate

Intervention not reported

• Addition of long‐acting beta₂‐agonists to inhaled corticosteroids for chronic asthma in children 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  5 studies · 1283 participants
  Moderate

Intervention not reported

The intervention showed no clear difference in total number of adverse events (high certainty).

• Addition of long‐acting beta₂‐agonists to inhaled corticosteroids for chronic asthma in children 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.01 [0.92, 1.1]
  6 studies · 1254 participants
  High

Intervention not reported

The intervention showed no clear difference in number of participants with exacerbations requiring hospitalisation (moderate certainty).

• Addition of long‐acting beta₂‐agonists to inhaled corticosteroids for chronic asthma in children 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.74 [0.9, 3.36]
  6 studies · 1292 participants
  Moderate

Intervention not reported

The intervention showed no clear difference in serious adverse events (moderate certainty).

• Addition of long‐acting beta₂‐agonists to inhaled corticosteroids for chronic asthma in children 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.17 [0.75, 1.85]
  16 studies · 4022 participants
  Moderate

Intervention not reported

The intervention may leads to lower total number of withdrawals (low certainty).

• Addition of long‐acting beta₂‐agonists to inhaled corticosteroids for chronic asthma in children 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.8 [0.67, 0.94]
  23 studies · 4374 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

• Addition of long‐acting beta₂‐agonists to inhaled corticosteroids for chronic asthma in children 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  9 studies · 1942 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

• Addition of long‐acting beta₂‐agonists to inhaled corticosteroids for chronic asthma in children 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  16 studies · 3934 participants
  Moderate

Intervention not reported

The intervention showed no clear difference in total number of adverse events (moderate certainty).

• Addition of long‐acting beta₂‐agonists to inhaled corticosteroids for chronic asthma in children 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.04 [0.98, 1.1]
  15 studies · 3284 participants
  Moderate

Intervention not reported

The intervention showed no clear difference in number of participants with exacerbations requiring systemic steroids (moderate certainty).

• Addition of long‐acting beta₂‐agonists to inhaled corticosteroids for chronic asthma in children 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.69 [0.85, 3.32]
  3 studies · 581 participants
  Moderate

Intervention not reported

The intervention showed no clear difference in number of participants with exacerbations requiring hospitalisation (moderate certainty).

• Addition of long‐acting beta₂‐agonists to inhaled corticosteroids for chronic asthma in children 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.9 [0.65, 5.54]
  4 studies · 1008 participants
  Moderate

Maintenance LTRA vs placebo

Maintenance LTRA showed no clear difference in number of participants experiencing one or more episode requiring… compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

• Leukotriene receptor antagonists as maintenance and intermittent therapy for episodic viral wheeze in children 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1.2 [0.7, 2.06]
  1 study · 347 participants
  Moderate

Intermittent LTRA vs placebo

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Leukotriene receptor antagonists as maintenance and intermittent therapy for episodic viral wheeze in children 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Maintenance LTRA vs placebo

Maintenance LTRA showed no clear difference in number of participants experiencing one or more episodes requiring… compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

• Leukotriene receptor antagonists as maintenance and intermittent therapy for episodic viral wheeze in children 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.66 [0.37, 1.2]
  1 study · 347 participants
  Moderate