Intervention not reported
Student physical activity
The intervention showed no clear difference in student physical activity (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Student obesity
The intervention showed no clear difference in student obesity (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Student tobacco use
It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes student tobacco use (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Adverse events
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Cost‐effectiveness
1 finding from 1 review
Change in weight (kg) · overweight and obese participants without T2DM (weight‐reducing phase only)
2 findings from 1 review
Weight loss of at least 5% at ≥ 12 months ‐ not measured · overweight and obese participants without T2DM (weight‐reducing phase followed by weight maintenance phase)
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Cardiovascular mortality ‐ not measured · overweight and obese participants without T2DM (weight‐reducing phase followed by weight maintenance phase)
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Change in DBP (mmHg) at ≥ 12 months · overweight and obese participants without T2DM (weight‐reducing phase followed by weight maintenance phase)
1 finding from 1 review
LDL cholesterol (mmol/L), change from baseline · overweight and obese participants without T2DM (weight‐reducing phase followed by weight maintenance phase)
1 finding from 1 review
Constipation at 3 to < 12 months ‐ not measured · overweight and obese participants without T2DM (weight‐reducing phase followed by weight maintenance phase)
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Change in weight (kg) · overweight and obese participants with T2DM (weight‐reducing phase only)
2 findings from 1 review
Weight loss of at least 5% at ≥ 12 months ‐ not measured · overweight and obese participants with T2DM (weight‐reducing phase only)
It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Low‐carbohydrate weight‐reducing diets changes weight loss of at least 5% at ≥ 12 months compared with balanced‐carbohydrate weight‐reducing diets (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Cardiovascular mortality ‐ not measured · overweight and obese participants with T2DM (weight‐reducing phase only)
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Change in DBP (mmHg) at ≥ 12 months · overweight and obese participants with T2DM (weight‐reducing phase only)
1 finding from 1 review
HbA1c (glycated haemoglobin), change · overweight and obese participants with T2DM (weight‐reducing phase only)
1 finding from 1 review
LDL cholesterol (mmol/L), change from baseline · overweight and obese participants with T2DM (weight‐reducing phase only)
1 finding from 1 review
Constipation · overweight and obese participants with T2DM (weight‐reducing phase only)
It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Low‐carbohydrate weight‐reducing diets changes constipation at 3 to < 12 months compared with balanced‐carbohydrate weight‐reducing diets (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Change in weight (kg) · overweight and obese participants with T2DM (weight‐reducing phase followed by weight‐maintenance phase)
2 findings from 1 review
Weight loss of at least 5% at ≥ 12 months ‐ not measured · overweight and obese participants with T2DM (weight‐reducing phase followed by weight‐maintenance phase)
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found