Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

2,234 questions · 2,325 findings · 216 reviews · Airways

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No studies found 249 · 10.7%GRADE not reported 107 · 4.6%Very low 276 · 11.9%Low 751 · 32.3%Moderate 718 · 30.9%High 224 · 9.6%

Intervention not reported

Overall adverse effects Duration of trials: 8 to 24 weeks · adults and adolescents with persistent asthma

The intervention showed no clear difference in overall adverse effects Duration of trials: 8 to 24 weeks (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Addition of anti‐leukotriene agents to inhaled corticosteroids for adults and adolescents with persistent asthma 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.95 [0.83, 1.08]
6 studies · 1100 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Serious adverse events Duration of trials: 12 to 20 weeks · adults and adolescents with persistent asthma

The intervention probably leads to higher serious adverse events Duration of trials: 12 to 20 weeks (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Addition of anti‐leukotriene agents to inhaled corticosteroids for adults and adolescents with persistent asthma 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 2.44 [1.52, 3.92]
2 studies · 621 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Death Duration of trials: 8 to 24 weeks · adults and adolescents with persistent asthma

The intervention showed no clear difference in death Duration of trials: 8 to 24 weeks (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Addition of anti‐leukotriene agents to inhaled corticosteroids for adults and adolescents with persistent asthma 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 3.1 [0.13, 75.1]
6 studies · 1100 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Change from baseline in morning PEFR (L/min) Duration of trials: 6 to 16 weeks · adults and adolescents with persistent asthma

1 finding from 1 review

Addition of anti‐leukotriene agents to inhaled corticosteroids for adults and adolescents with persistent asthma 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 1489 participants
High

Intervention not reported

Change from baseline FEV1 (L) Duration of trials: 6 to 16 weeks · adults and adolescents with persistent asthma

1 finding from 1 review

Addition of anti‐leukotriene agents to inhaled corticosteroids for adults and adolescents with persistent asthma 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 760 participants
High

Intervention not reported

Change from baseline in mean asthma symptom score (daytime) Greater the reduction, better the outcome Duration of trials: 6 to 16 weeks · adults and adolescents with persistent asthma

1 finding from 1 review

Addition of anti‐leukotriene agents to inhaled corticosteroids for adults and adolescents with persistent asthma 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 1386 participants
High

Intervention not reported

Overall adverse effects Duration of trials: 6 to 16 weeks · adults and adolescents with persistent asthma

The intervention showed no clear difference in overall adverse effects Duration of trials: 6 to 16 weeks (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Addition of anti‐leukotriene agents to inhaled corticosteroids for adults and adolescents with persistent asthma 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.06 [0.92, 1.22]
3 studies · 1024 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Death Duration of trials: 6 to 16 weeks · adults and adolescents with persistent asthma

The intervention showed no clear difference in death Duration of trials: 6 to 16 weeks (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Addition of anti‐leukotriene agents to inhaled corticosteroids for adults and adolescents with persistent asthma 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.35 [0.01, 8.49]
2 studies · 761 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Patients with ≥ 1 exacerbation requiring oral corticosteroids Duration of trials: 8 to 13 weeks · adults and adolescents with persistent asthma

The intervention showed no clear difference in patients with ≥ 1 exacerbation requiring oral corticosteroids… (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Addition of anti‐leukotriene agents to inhaled corticosteroids for adults and adolescents with persistent asthma 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.9 [0.58, 1.39]
4 studies · 1779 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Change from baseline in morning PEFR (L/min) Duration of trials: 8 to 13 weeks · adults and adolescents with persistent asthma

1 finding from 1 review

Addition of anti‐leukotriene agents to inhaled corticosteroids for adults and adolescents with persistent asthma 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
5 studies · 952 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Change from baseline FEV1 (L) Duration of trials: 8 to 13 weeks · adults and adolescents with persistent asthma

1 finding from 1 review

Addition of anti‐leukotriene agents to inhaled corticosteroids for adults and adolescents with persistent asthma 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 958 participants
Low

Smart technology vs face‐to‐face/digital and/or written support

Hospital admissions · COPD

1 finding from 1 review

Computer and mobile technology interventions for self‐management in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 239 participants
Low

Smart technology vs face‐to‐face/digital and/or written support

Acute exacerbations requiring general practitioner (GP) visit and/or additional treatment · COPD

1 finding from 1 review

Computer and mobile technology interventions for self‐management in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 239 participants
Low

Smart technology vs face‐to‐face/digital and/or written support

Health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) · COPD

1 finding from 1 review

Computer and mobile technology interventions for self‐management in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 472 participants
Low

Smart technology vs face‐to‐face/digital and/or written support

Daily step count · COPD

1 finding from 1 review

Computer and mobile technology interventions for self‐management in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 230 participants
Low

Smart technology vs face‐to‐face/digital and/or written support

Self‐efficacy · COPD

1 finding from 1 review

Computer and mobile technology interventions for self‐management in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 participants
GRADE not reported

Smart technology vs face‐to‐face/digital and/or written support

Behaviour change: smoking cessation · COPD

1 finding from 1 review

Computer and mobile technology interventions for self‐management in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 284 participants
Moderate

Smart technology vs face‐to‐face/digital and/or written support

Functional capacity · COPD

1 finding from 1 review

Computer and mobile technology interventions for self‐management in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 participants
GRADE not reported

Smart technology vs face‐to‐face/digital and/or written support

Anxiety and depression · COPD

1 finding from 1 review

Computer and mobile technology interventions for self‐management in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 participants
GRADE not reported

Self‐management interventions vs usual care

Health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

1 finding from 1 review

Self‐management interventions including action plans for exacerbations versus usual care in patients with chronic… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
10 studies · 1582 participants
High