Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

962 questions · 1,000 findings · 69 reviews · Urology

No studies found 196 · 19.6%GRADE not reported 33 · 3.3%Very low 198 · 19.8%Low 354 · 35.4%Moderate 206 · 20.6%High 13 · 1.3%

Percutaneous nephrolithotomy vs retrograde intrarenal surgery

Ureteral stricture or injury Assumed MCID: 2% · adults with renal stones

Percutaneous nephrolithotomy showed no clear difference in ureteral stricture or injury Assumed MCID: 2% compared with retrograde intrarenal surgery (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Immune checkpoint inhibitors vs any first‐line chemotherapy

Time to death from any cause Range of · participants with advanced or metastatic muscle invasive bladder cancer

Immune checkpoint inhibitors showed no clear difference in time to death from any cause Range of compared with any first‐line chemotherapy (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Immune checkpoint inhibitors vs any second‐line chemotherapy

Time to progression · participants with advanced or metastatic muscle invasive bladder cancer

It is very uncertain whether immune checkpoint inhibitors changes time to disease progression Range of compared with any second‐line chemotherapy (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Immune checkpoint inhibitors vs any second‐line chemotherapy

Discontinuation of medication due to adverse events · participants with advanced or metastatic muscle invasive bladder cancer

Immune checkpoint inhibitors may leads to lower discontinuation due to adverse events Range of compared with any second‐line chemotherapy (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Immune checkpoint inhibitors vs any first‐line chemotherapy

Adverse events grade 3 to 5 Range of · participants with advanced or metastatic muscle invasive bladder cancer

Immune checkpoint inhibitors probably leads to lower adverse events grade 3 to 5 Range of compared with any first‐line chemotherapy (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Immune checkpoint inhibitors vs any first‐line chemotherapy

Discontinuation of medication due to adverse events · participants with advanced or metastatic muscle invasive bladder cancer

Immune checkpoint inhibitors showed no clear difference in discontinuation due to adverse events Range of compared with any first‐line chemotherapy (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Overall survival (OS) ‐ Network (subnet 1) included 19 pairwise comparisons ‐ Median · people with a confirmed diagnosis of advanced renal cell carcinoma (combined risk groups) without previous systemic anticancer therapy

The intervention showed no clear difference in overall survival (OS) ‐ Network (subnet 1) included 19 pairwise… (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Progression‐free survival (PFS) ‐ Network (subnet 1) included 5 pairwise comparisons ‐ Median · people with a confirmed diagnosis of advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and a favourable risk according to the International Metastatic…
1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Time to initiation of first subsequent therapy · people with a confirmed diagnosis of advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and a favourable risk according to the International Metastatic…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review