Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

1,281 questions · 1,361 findings · 120 reviews · Developmental, Psychosocial and Learning Problems

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No studies found 286 · 21%GRADE not reported 61 · 4.5%Very low 381 · 28%Low 381 · 28%Moderate 228 · 16.8%High 24 · 1.8%

Resistance training vs usual care

Activity Gait speed · children and adolescents with cerebral palsy

2 findings from 1 review

Exercise interventions for cerebral palsy 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
8 studies · 185 participants
Low
Exercise interventions for cerebral palsy 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 84 participants
Low

Resistance training vs usual care

Participation · children and adolescents with cerebral palsy

1 finding from 1 review

Exercise interventions for cerebral palsy 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 127 participants
Low

Mixed training vs usual care

Activity Gross motor function · children and adolescents with cerebral palsy

1 finding from 1 review

Exercise interventions for cerebral palsy 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 163 participants
Low

Resistance training vs aerobic exercise training

Activity Gross motor function · children with cerebral palsy

1 finding from 1 review

Exercise interventions for cerebral palsy 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 56 participants
Low

Group‐based parent training programmes vs control

Emotional and behavioural problems (parent report) Scales used: BSI‐II, BSQ, CAPES, CBCL, CBQ postintervention · young children

Group‐based parent training programmes showed no clear difference in emotional and behavioural problems (parent report) Scales used:… compared with control (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Group‐based parent training programmes for improving emotional and behavioural adjustment in young children 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
5 studies · 280 participants
Low

Group‐based parent training programmes vs control

Externalising problems (parent report) Scales used: CBCL, ECBI postintervention · young children

Group‐based parent training programmes showed no clear difference in externalising problems (parent report) Scales used: CBCL, ECBI… compared with control (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Group‐based parent training programmes for improving emotional and behavioural adjustment in young children 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
8 studies · 989 participants
Moderate

Group‐based parent training programmes vs control

Externalising problems ‐ hyperactivity‐inattention (parent report) Scales used: HSQ postintervention · young children

It is very uncertain whether group‐based parent training programmes changes externalising problems ‐ hyperactivity‐inattention (parent report)… compared with control (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Group‐based parent training programmes for improving emotional and behavioural adjustment in young children 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 19 participants
Very low

Group‐based parent training programmes vs control

Internalising problems (parent report) Scale used: CAPES postintervention · young children

Group‐based parent training programmes showed no clear difference in internalising problems (parent report) Scale used: CAPES… compared with control (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Group‐based parent training programmes for improving emotional and behavioural adjustment in young children 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
SMD 0.34
1 study · 73 participants
Low

Group‐based parent training programmes vs control

Social skills (parent report) Scale used: VABS postintervention · young children

It is very uncertain whether group‐based parent training programmes changes social skills (parent report) Scale used: VABS postintervention compared with control (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Group‐based parent training programmes for improving emotional and behavioural adjustment in young children 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
SMD 3.59 [2.42, 4.76]
1 study · 32 participants
Very low

Group‐based parent training programmes vs control

Parent‐child interaction ‐ negative behaviour (observer report) Scales used: DPICS, IBCS postintervention · young children

Group‐based parent training programmes showed no clear difference in parent‐child interaction ‐ negative behaviour (observer report)… compared with control (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Group‐based parent training programmes for improving emotional and behavioural adjustment in young children 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
7 studies · 941 participants
Moderate

Group‐based parent training programmes vs control

Parent‐child interaction ‐ positive behaviour (observer report) Scales used: Attachment Q‐set, DPICS postintervention · young children

Group‐based parent training programmes probably leads to higher parent‐child interaction ‐ positive behaviour (observer report)… compared with control (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Group‐based parent training programmes for improving emotional and behavioural adjustment in young children 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
SMD 0.48 [0.17, 0.79]
4 studies · 173 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

ABC ‐ Irritability subscale Mean score changes 8 weeks of treatment · children/youth with ASD

1 finding from 1 review

Aripiprazole for autism spectrum disorders (ASD) 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 308 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

ABC ‐ Hyperactivity subscale Mean score changes 8 weeks of treatment · children/youth with ASD

1 finding from 1 review

Aripiprazole for autism spectrum disorders (ASD) 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 308 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

ABC ‐ Stereotypy subscale Mean score changes 8 weeks of treatment · children/youth with ASD

1 finding from 1 review

Aripiprazole for autism spectrum disorders (ASD) 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 308 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Weight gain 8 weeks of treatment · children/youth with ASD

1 finding from 1 review

Aripiprazole for autism spectrum disorders (ASD) 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 308 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Sedation 8 weeks of treatment · children/youth with ASD

1 finding from 1 review

Aripiprazole for autism spectrum disorders (ASD) 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 313 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Tremor 8 weeks of treatment · children/youth with ASD

1 finding from 1 review

Aripiprazole for autism spectrum disorders (ASD) 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 313 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Relapse rate 16 weeks of treatment · children/youth with ASD

1 finding from 1 review

Aripiprazole for autism spectrum disorders (ASD) 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 85 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Standardised tests of reading, writing, spelling or mathematics skills (overall) · children with specific learning disorders

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) for children with specific learning disorders 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention not reported

Adverse effect (gastrointestinal disturbance) · children with specific learning disorders

The intervention showed no clear difference in adverse effect (gastrointestinal disturbance) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) for children with specific learning disorders 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.43 [0.25, 8.15]
2 studies · 116 participants
Low