Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

1,014 questions · 1,050 findings · 42 reviews · Incontinence

No studies found 391 · 37.2%GRADE not reported 82 · 7.8%Very low 199 · 19%Low 206 · 19.6%Moderate 150 · 14.3%High 22 · 2.1%

Any topical skin care product vs another topical skin care product

Number of participants with IAD (new) · adults with urinary incontinence

Any topical skin care product may leads to lower number of participants with IAD (new) (1) Skin cleanser (A) versus… compared with another topical skin care product (low certainty).

3 findings from 1 review

Any frequency of application of a topical skin care product vs another frequency of application of the topical skin care product

Adverse reaction due to the skin care product or procedure, e.g. skin irritation, rash, itching, allergic reaction · adults with urinary incontinence

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Treatment of UI after radical: PFMT ± biofeedback vs no treatment;

Number of incontinent men ‐ after 12 months · Patients with postprostatectomy UI

Treatment of UI after radical: PFMT ± biofeedback showed no clear difference in number of incontinent men ‐ after 12 months compared with no treatment; (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Treatment of UI after radical: combinations of treatments vs no treatment

Number of incontinent men ‐ within 3 to 6 months · Patients with postprostatectomy UI

It is very uncertain whether treatment of UI after radical: combinations of treatments changes number of incontinent men with 3 to 6 months compared with no treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Treatment of UI after radical: combinations of treatments vs no treatment

Adverse events ‐ PFMT + anal EStim + BFB · Patients with postprostatectomy UI

Treatment of UI after radical: combinations of treatments showed no clear difference in adverse events ‐ PFMT + anal EStim + BFB compared with no treatment (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review