Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

2,252 questions · 2,353 findings · 210 reviews · Neonatal

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No studies found 432 · 18.4%GRADE not reported 99 · 4.2%Very low 609 · 25.9%Low 737 · 31.3%Moderate 385 · 16.4%High 91 · 3.9%

Mask vs prongs

Neurodevelopmental disability · preterm infants receiving nasal CPAP

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Masks versus prongs as interfaces for nasal continuous positive airway pressure in preterm infants 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Mask vs prongs

Pneumothorax · preterm infants receiving nasal CPAP

Mask showed no clear difference in pneumothorax compared with prongs (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Masks versus prongs as interfaces for nasal continuous positive airway pressure in preterm infants 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.93 [0.45, 1.93]
5 studies · 625 participants
Low

Mask vs prongs

Moderate‐severe nasal injury · preterm infants receiving nasal CPAP

Mask may leads to lower moderate–severe nasal injury compared with prongs (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Masks versus prongs as interfaces for nasal continuous positive airway pressure in preterm infants 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.55 [0.44, 0.71]
10 studies · 1058 participants
Low

Mask vs prongs

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia · preterm infants receiving nasal CPAP

It is very uncertain whether mask changes bronchopulmonary dysplasia compared with prongs (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Masks versus prongs as interfaces for nasal continuous positive airway pressure in preterm infants 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.69 [0.46, 1.03]
7 studies · 843 participants
Very low

Systemic corticosteroids vs placebo or control

Mortality Mortality at latest · preterm infants with chronic lung disease

Systemic corticosteroids (dexamethasone or hydrocortisone) leads to lower mortality at latest reported age compared with control (placebo or nothing) (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Late (≥ 7 days) systemic postnatal corticosteroids for prevention of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.81 [0.66, 0.99]
21 studies · 1428 participants
High

Systemic corticosteroids vs placebo or control

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia/chronic lung disease · preterm infants with chronic lung disease

Systemic corticosteroids (dexamethasone or hydrocortisone) probably leads to lower BPD at 36 weeks' PMA compared with control (placebo or nothing) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Late (≥ 7 days) systemic postnatal corticosteroids for prevention of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.89 [0.8, 0.99]
14 studies · 988 participants
Moderate

Systemic corticosteroids vs placebo or control

Death or bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 36 weeks PMA · preterm infants with chronic lung disease

Systemic corticosteroids (dexamethasone or hydrocortisone) probably leads to lower mortality or BPD at 36 weeks' PMA compared with control (placebo or nothing) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Late (≥ 7 days) systemic postnatal corticosteroids for prevention of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.85 [0.79, 0.92]
14 studies · 988 participants
Moderate

Systemic corticosteroids vs placebo or control

Cerebral palsy · preterm infants with chronic lung disease

Systemic corticosteroids (dexamethasone or hydrocortisone) showed no clear difference in cerebral palsy ‐ at latest reported age compared with control (placebo or nothing) (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Late (≥ 7 days) systemic postnatal corticosteroids for prevention of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.17 [0.84, 1.61]
17 studies · 1290 participants
High

Systemic corticosteroids vs placebo or control

Death or cerebral palsy · preterm infants with chronic lung disease

Systemic corticosteroids (dexamethasone or hydrocortisone) showed no clear difference in mortality or cerebral palsy ‐ at latest reported age compared with control (placebo or nothing) (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Late (≥ 7 days) systemic postnatal corticosteroids for prevention of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.9 [0.76, 1.06]
17 studies · 1290 participants
High

Early systemic postnatal corticosteroids vs placebo or no treatment

Mortality Mortality at latest · preventing bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants

Early systemic postnatal corticosteroids showed no clear difference in mortality at latest reported age compared with placebo or no treatment (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Early (< 7 days) systemic postnatal corticosteroids for prevention of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.95 [0.85, 1.06]
31 studies · 4373 participants
High

Early systemic postnatal corticosteroids vs placebo or no treatment

BPD (36 weeks' PMA) · preventing bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants

Early systemic postnatal corticosteroids probably leads to lower BPD (36 weeks' PMA) compared with placebo or no treatment (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Early (< 7 days) systemic postnatal corticosteroids for prevention of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.8 [0.73, 0.88]
26 studies · 4167 participants
Moderate

Early systemic postnatal corticosteroids vs placebo or no treatment

Death or bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 36 weeks PMA · preventing bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants

Early systemic postnatal corticosteroids leads to lower mortality or BPD at 36 weeks' PMA compared with placebo or no treatment (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Early (< 7 days) systemic postnatal corticosteroids for prevention of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.89 [0.84, 0.94]
26 studies · 4167 participants
High

Early systemic postnatal corticosteroids vs placebo or no treatment

Gastrointestinal perforation during primary hospitalisation · preventing bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants

Early systemic postnatal corticosteroids leads to higher gastrointestinal perforation during primary hospitalisation compared with placebo or no treatment (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Early (< 7 days) systemic postnatal corticosteroids for prevention of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.84 [1.36, 2.49]
16 studies · 3040 participants
High

Early systemic postnatal corticosteroids vs placebo or no treatment

Cerebral palsy · preventing bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants

Early systemic postnatal corticosteroids leads to higher cerebral palsy at latest reported age compared with placebo or no treatment (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Early (< 7 days) systemic postnatal corticosteroids for prevention of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.42 [1.06, 1.91]
13 studies · 1973 participants
High

Early systemic postnatal corticosteroids vs placebo or no treatment

Death or cerebral palsy · preventing bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants

Early systemic postnatal corticosteroids showed no clear difference in mortality or cerebral palsy at latest reported age compared with placebo or no treatment (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Early (< 7 days) systemic postnatal corticosteroids for prevention of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.03 [0.91, 1.16]
13 studies · 1973 participants
High

Topical ointment or cream vs routine skin care

Invasive infection (before hospital discharge) · preterm infants with low birth weight

Topical ointment or cream showed no clear difference in invasive infection until hospital discharge compared with routine skin care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Topical emollient for preventing infection in preterm infants 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.13 [0.97, 1.31]
8 studies · 2086 participants
Low

Topical ointment or cream vs routine skin care

Mortality before hospital discharge · preterm infants with low birth weight

Topical ointment or cream showed no clear difference in mortality until hospital discharge (or latest reported) compared with routine skin care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Topical emollient for preventing infection in preterm infants 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.87 [0.75, 1.03]
7 studies · 2067 participants
Low

Topical oil vs routine skin care

Invasive infection (any organism) · preterm infants with low birth weight

Topical oil may leads to lower invasive infectionuntil hospital discharge compared with routine skin care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Topical emollient for preventing infection in preterm infants 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.71 [0.52, 0.96]
9 studies · 3256 participants
Low

Topical oil vs routine skin care

Mortality before hospital discharge · preterm infants with low birth weight

Topical oil showed no clear difference in mortality until hospital discharge (or latest reported) compared with routine skin care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Topical emollient for preventing infection in preterm infants 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.94 [0.82, 1.08]
11 studies · 1119 participants
Low

Topical ointment or cream vs oil

Invasive infection (any organism) · preterm infants with low birth weight

Topical ointment or cream showed no clear difference in invasive infectionuntil hospital discharge compared with oil (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Topical emollient for preventing infection in preterm infants 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.91 [0.57, 1.46]
1 study · 316 participants
Low