Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

4,860 questions · 64,864 findings · 4,913 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 13,869 · 21.4%GRADE not reported 3,491 · 5.4%Very low 16,300 · 25.1%Low 17,338 · 26.7%Moderate 10,900 · 16.8%High 2,966 · 4.6%

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Microwave coagulation vs radiofrequency ablation

Recurrence of liver metastases local progression · people with liver metastases

It is very uncertain whether microwave coagulation changes recurrence of liver metastases local progression compared with radiofrequency ablation (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Microwave coagulation vs radiofrequency ablation

Recurrence of liver metastases distant recurrence · people with liver metastases

It is very uncertain whether microwave coagulation changes recurrence of liver metastases distant recurrence compared with radiofrequency ablation (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Nicotine EC vs NRT

Smoking cessation · people who smoke

Nicotine EC leads to higher smoking cessation at 6 months to 1 year compared with NRT (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Nicotine EC vs NRT

Adverse events at 4 weeks to 6 months Assessed by self‐report · people who smoke

Nicotine EC showed no clear difference in adverse events at 4 weeks to 6‐9 months Assessed by self‐report compared with NRT (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Nicotine EC vs NRT

Serious adverse events at 4 weeks to 1 year Assessed via self‐report and medical records · people who smoke

Nicotine EC showed no clear difference in serious adverse events at 4 weeks to 1 year Assessed via self‐report… compared with NRT (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Nicotine EC vs non‐nicotine EC

Adverse events at 1 week to 6 months Assessed via self‐report · People who smoke cigarettes

Nicotine EC showed no clear difference in adverse events at 1 week to 6 months Assessed via self‐report compared with non‐nicotine EC (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Nicotine EC vs non‐nicotine EC

Serious adverse events at 1 week to 1 year Assessed via self‐report and medical records · People who smoke cigarettes

Nicotine EC showed no clear difference in serious adverse events at 1 week to 1 year Assessed via self‐report… compared with non‐nicotine EC (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Nicotine EC vs behavioural support only/no support

Serious adverse events – measured by self‐report and medical records · people who smoke

It is very uncertain whether nicotine EC changes serious adverse events at 4 weeks to 8 months Assessed via… compared with behavioural support only/no support (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Silicone earplugs vs no earplugs

Cerebral palsy · preterm or very low birth weight infants

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Silicone earplugs changes cerebral palsy at 18 to 22 months' corrected age compared with no earplugs (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review