Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

1,014 questions · 1,050 findings · 42 reviews · Incontinence

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No studies found 391 · 37.2%GRADE not reported 82 · 7.8%Very low 199 · 19%Low 206 · 19.6%Moderate 150 · 14.3%High 22 · 2.1%

Electrical stimulation vs magnetic stimulation alone

Participants cured or improved · Adults with overactive bladder (OAB)

1 finding from 1 review

Electrical stimulation with non‐implanted electrodes for overactive bladder in adults 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Electrical stimulation vs magnetic stimulation alone

Participants with improvement in urgency urinary incontinence · Adults with overactive bladder (OAB)

1 finding from 1 review

Electrical stimulation with non‐implanted electrodes for overactive bladder in adults 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Electrical stimulation vs magnetic stimulation alone

OAB‐related quality of life · Adults with overactive bladder (OAB)

1 finding from 1 review

Electrical stimulation with non‐implanted electrodes for overactive bladder in adults 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Electrical stimulation vs No active treatment (control)

Participants with improvement in urgency urinary incontinence · Adults with overactive bladder (OAB)

1 finding from 1 review

Electrical stimulation with non‐implanted electrodes for overactive bladder in adults 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Electrical stimulation vs magnetic stimulation alone

Adverse effects · Adults with overactive bladder (OAB)

1 finding from 1 review

Electrical stimulation with non‐implanted electrodes for overactive bladder in adults 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 32 participants
Very low

Electrical stimulation vs laseropuncture/electro‐acupuncture

Participants cured or improved · Adults with overactive bladder (OAB)

1 finding from 1 review

Electrical stimulation with non‐implanted electrodes for overactive bladder in adults 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Electrical stimulation vs laseropuncture/electro‐acupuncture

Participants with improvement in urgency urinary incontinence · Adults with overactive bladder (OAB)

1 finding from 1 review

Electrical stimulation with non‐implanted electrodes for overactive bladder in adults 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Electrical stimulation vs laseropuncture/electro‐acupuncture

OAB‐related quality of life · Adults with overactive bladder (OAB)

1 finding from 1 review

Electrical stimulation with non‐implanted electrodes for overactive bladder in adults 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 22 participants
Low

Electrical stimulation vs laseropuncture/electro‐acupuncture

Adverse effects · Adults with overactive bladder (OAB)

1 finding from 1 review

Electrical stimulation with non‐implanted electrodes for overactive bladder in adults 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Electrical stimulation vs drug therapy

Participants cured or improved · Adults with overactive bladder (OAB)

Electrical stimulation probably leads to higher participants cured or improved compared with drug therapy (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Electrical stimulation with non‐implanted electrodes for overactive bladder in adults 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.2 [1.04, 1.38]
8 studies · 439 participants
Moderate

Electrical stimulation vs drug therapy

OAB‐related quality of life · Adults with overactive bladder (OAB)

1 finding from 1 review

Electrical stimulation with non‐implanted electrodes for overactive bladder in adults 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 336 participants
Low

Electrical stimulation vs drug therapy

Adverse effects ‐ ES versus oxybutynin · Adults with overactive bladder (OAB)

Electrical stimulation may leads to lower adverse effects ‐ ES versus oxybutynin compared with drug therapy (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Electrical stimulation with non‐implanted electrodes for overactive bladder in adults 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.11 [0.01, 0.84]
2 studies · 79 participants
Low

Electrical stimulation vs drug therapy

Adverse effects ‐ ES versus tolterodine · Adults with overactive bladder (OAB)

Electrical stimulation probably leads to lower adverse effects ‐ ES versus tolterodine compared with drug therapy (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Electrical stimulation with non‐implanted electrodes for overactive bladder in adults 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.12 [0.05, 0.27]
4 studies · 200 participants
Moderate

Electrical stimulation vs drug therapy

Adverse effects ‐ ES versus solifenacin succinate · Adults with overactive bladder (OAB)

It is very uncertain whether electrical stimulation changes adverse effects ‐ ES versus solifenacin succinate compared with drug therapy (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Electrical stimulation with non‐implanted electrodes for overactive bladder in adults 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.09 [0.01, 1.6]
1 study · 100 participants
Very low

Electrical stimulation vs No active treatment (control)

OAB‐related quality of life · Adults with overactive bladder (OAB)

1 finding from 1 review

Electrical stimulation with non‐implanted electrodes for overactive bladder in adults 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 148 participants
Low

PFMT added to electrical stimulation vs pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT)

Participants cured or improved · Adults with overactive bladder (OAB)

1 finding from 1 review

Electrical stimulation with non‐implanted electrodes for overactive bladder in adults 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

PFMT added to electrical stimulation vs pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT)

Participants with improvement in urgency urinary incontinence · Adults with overactive bladder (OAB)

Electrical stimulation plus pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) may leads to higher participants with improvement in urgency urinary incontinence compared with PFMT alone (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Electrical stimulation with non‐implanted electrodes for overactive bladder in adults 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 2.82 [1.44, 5.52]
1 study · 51 participants
Low

PFMT added to electrical stimulation vs pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT)

Adverse effects · Adults with overactive bladder (OAB)

1 finding from 1 review

Electrical stimulation with non‐implanted electrodes for overactive bladder in adults 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 51 participants
Very low

PFMT added to electrical stimulation vs pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT)

OAB‐related quality of life · Adults with overactive bladder (OAB)

1 finding from 1 review

Electrical stimulation with non‐implanted electrodes for overactive bladder in adults 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 201 participants
Low

PFMT added to electrical stimulation vs pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT)

Cost‐effectiveness · Adults with overactive bladder (OAB)

1 finding from 1 review

Electrical stimulation with non‐implanted electrodes for overactive bladder in adults 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported