Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

1,014 questions · 1,050 findings · 42 reviews · Incontinence

No studies found 391 · 37.2%GRADE not reported 82 · 7.8%Very low 199 · 19%Low 206 · 19.6%Moderate 150 · 14.3%High 22 · 2.1%

PFMT added to electrical stimulation vs pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT)

Cure: number of women with self‐reported continence · women with stress urinary incontinence

Electrical stimulation plus PFMT showed no clear difference in cure: number of women with self‐reported continence compared with PFMT (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

PFMT added to electrical stimulation vs pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT)

Improvement: number of women with self‐reported improvement in SUI (cured or improved) · women with stress urinary incontinence

Electrical stimulation plus PFMT showed no clear difference in improvement: number of women with self‐reported improvement in SUI… compared with PFMT (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Electrical stimulation plus surgery vs surgery

Cure: number of women with self‐reported continence · women with stress urinary incontinence

It is very uncertain whether electrical stimulation plus surgery changes cure: number of women with self‐reported continence compared with surgery (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Electrical stimulation plus surgery vs surgery

Improvement: number of women with self‐reported improvement in SUI (cured or improved) · women with stress urinary incontinence

It is very uncertain whether electrical stimulation plus surgery changes improvement: number of women with self‐reported improvement in SUI… compared with surgery (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review