Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

715 questions · 767 findings · 53 reviews · Back and Neck

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No studies found 149 · 19.4%GRADE not reported 41 · 5.3%Very low 168 · 21.9%Low 226 · 29.5%Moderate 156 · 20.3%High 27 · 3.5%

Exercise therapy vs no treatment four to six weeks after lumbar disc surgery

Functional ability · patients four to six weeks after lumbar disc surgery

1 finding from 1 review

Rehabilitation after lumbar disc surgery 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
252 participants
Low

Exercise therapy vs no treatment four to six weeks after lumbar disc surgery

Functional status, long‐term · patients four to six weeks after lumbar disc surgery

1 finding from 1 review

Rehabilitation after lumbar disc surgery 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
226 participants
Low

High‐intensity exercise vs low‐intensity exercise programmes four to six weeks after lumbar disc surgery

Pain (short term) VAS · patients four to six weeks after lumbar disc surgery

1 finding from 1 review

Rehabilitation after lumbar disc surgery 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
103 participants
Very low

High‐intensity exercise vs low‐intensity exercise programmes four to six weeks after lumbar disc surgery

Function (short term) RDQ or ODI · patients four to six weeks after lumbar disc surgery

1 finding from 1 review

Rehabilitation after lumbar disc surgery 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
103 participants
Low

High‐intensity exercise vs low‐intensity exercise programmes four to six weeks after lumbar disc surgery

Functional ability · patients four to six weeks after lumbar disc surgery

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Rehabilitation after lumbar disc surgery 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Supervised programmes vs home exercises

Pain (short term) VAS or five‐point box scale · patients four to six weeks after lumbar disc surgery

1 finding from 1 review

Rehabilitation after lumbar disc surgery 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
229 participants
Very low

Supervised programmes vs home exercises

Functional status, short‐term · patients four to six weeks after lumbar disc surgery

1 finding from 1 review

Rehabilitation after lumbar disc surgery 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
229 participants
Very low

Supervised programmes vs home exercises

Functional ability · patients four to six weeks after lumbar disc surgery

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Rehabilitation after lumbar disc surgery 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Summary of findings table 1: Brazilian arnica extract vs placebo

Pain reduction based on Pain VAS instrument 0‐100 scale · patients with back pain

1 finding from 1 review

Herbal medicine for low‐back pain 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
20 participants
Very low

Summary of findings table 10: Spiroflor SRL vs CCC

Pain VAS 0‐100 scale · patients with acute and chronic LBP

1 finding from 1 review

Herbal medicine for low‐back pain 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
161 participants
Very low

Summary of findings table 2: Topical capsaicin cream or plaster vs placebo

Pain perception according to the Pain VAS scale 0‐10 · patients with chronic LBP or soft tissue pain

1 finding from 1 review

Herbal medicine for low‐back pain 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
755 participants
Moderate

Summary of findings table 3: Topical capsaicin cream vs placebo

Pain evaluation on a 10 cm linear scale · patients with acute mechanical LBP

1 finding from 1 review

Herbal medicine for low‐back pain 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
40 participants
Very low

Summary of findings table 4: H. procumbens vs placebo

Arhus pain index scale 0‐130 · patients with chronic back pain

1 finding from 1 review

Herbal medicine for low‐back pain 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
315 participants
Low

Summary of findings table 5: H. procumbens extract vs Vioxx®

Modified Arhus Index Scale 0‐120 · patients with chronic LBP

1 finding from 1 review

Herbal medicine for low‐back pain 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
88 participants
Very low

Summary of findings table 6: Willow bark extract vs placebo

Pain VAS Scale 0‐10 · patients with chronic LBP

1 finding from 1 review

Herbal medicine for low‐back pain 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
261 participants
Moderate

Summary of findings table 6: Willow bark extract vs rofecoxib

Arhus Index Scale 0‐130 Pain VAS Scale 0‐10 · patients with chronic LBP

1 finding from 1 review

Herbal medicine for low‐back pain 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
228 participants
Very low

Summary of findings table 8: Comfrey root extract vs placebo

Pain VAS sum (decrease) on active standardized movement (mm) · patients with acute lower and upper back pain

1 finding from 1 review

Herbal medicine for low‐back pain 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
120 participants
Low

Summary of findings table 9: Lavender oil acupressure massage and acupoint stimulation vs usual care

Pain VAS 0‐10 scale · patients with acute LBP

1 finding from 1 review

Herbal medicine for low‐back pain 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
61 participants
Very low

Minimal invasive discectomy vs micro/discectomy

Outcomes# · participants with lumbar disc herniation

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Minimally invasive discectomy versus microdiscectomy/open discectomy for symptomatic lumbar disc herniation 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Minimal invasive discectomy vs micro/discectomy

Side effects ‐ surgical site and other infections > 6 months' · participants with lumbar disc herniation

Minimal invasive discectomy probably leads to lower side effects ‐ surgical site and other infections > 6 months' compared with micro/discectomy (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Minimally invasive discectomy versus microdiscectomy/open discectomy for symptomatic lumbar disc herniation 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.23 [0.07, 0.79]
6 studies · 931 participants
Moderate