Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

1,187 questions · 1,248 findings · 108 reviews · Stroke

Sort:Best matchNewestHighest certainty Download CSV

No studies found 275 · 22%GRADE not reported 56 · 4.5%Very low 269 · 21.6%Low 349 · 28%Moderate 216 · 17.3%High 83 · 6.7%

SGLT2i vs placebo

All‐cause mortality · CVD (ASCVD, HF, or both)

SGLT2i probably leads to lower all‐cause mortality compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors, glucagon‐like peptide 1 receptor agonists and sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.84 [0.74, 0.96]
5 studies · 24962 participants
Moderate

SGLT2i vs placebo

Heart failure hospitalisation (RR) · CVD (ASCVD, HF, or both)

SGLT2i leads to lower hospitalisation for HF compared with placebo (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors, glucagon‐like peptide 1 receptor agonists and sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.65 [0.59, 0.71]
5 studies · 24962 participants
High

SGLT2i vs placebo

Worsening kidney function · CVD (ASCVD, HF, or both)

SGLT2i probably leads to lower worsening renal function compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors, glucagon‐like peptide 1 receptor agonists and sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.59 [0.43, 0.82]
2 studies · 8474 participants
Moderate

SGLT2i vs placebo

Hypoglycaemia · CVD (ASCVD, HF, or both)

SGLT2i showed no clear difference in hypoglycaemia compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors, glucagon‐like peptide 1 receptor agonists and sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.9 [0.75, 1.07]
4 studies · 21232 participants
Moderate

SGLT2i vs placebo

Pancreatitis · CVD (ASCVD, HF, or both)

SGLT2i showed no clear difference in pancreatitis compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors, glucagon‐like peptide 1 receptor agonists and sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.85 [0.39, 1.86]
1 study · 8246 participants
Low

SGLT2i vs placebo

Fracture · CVD (ASCVD, HF, or both)

SGLT2i showed no clear difference in fracture compared with placebo (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors, glucagon‐like peptide 1 receptor agonists and sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 1.02 [0.88, 1.18]
5 studies · 24962 participants
High

DPP4i vs placebo

Fatal or nonfatal stroke · CVD (ASCVD, HF, or both)

DPP4i showed no clear difference in stroke (fatal or non‐fatal) compared with placebo (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors, glucagon‐like peptide 1 receptor agonists and sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 1 [0.87, 1.14]
5 studies · 42588 participants
High

DPP4i vs placebo

All‐cause mortality · CVD (ASCVD, HF, or both)

DPP4i showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality compared with placebo (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors, glucagon‐like peptide 1 receptor agonists and sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 1.03 [0.96, 1.11]
6 studies · 47968 participants
High

DPP4i vs placebo

Heart failure hospitalisation (RR) · CVD (ASCVD, HF, or both)

DPP4i showed no clear difference in hospitalisation for HF compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors, glucagon‐like peptide 1 receptor agonists and sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.99 [0.8, 1.23]
4 studies · 42334 participants
Moderate

DPP4i vs placebo

Worsening kidney function · CVD (ASCVD, HF, or both)

DPP4i showed no clear difference in worsening renal function compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors, glucagon‐like peptide 1 receptor agonists and sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 1.08 [0.88, 1.33]
1 study · 16492 participants
Low

DPP4i vs placebo

Hypoglycaemia · CVD (ASCVD, HF, or both)

DPP4i showed no clear difference in hypoglycaemia compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors, glucagon‐like peptide 1 receptor agonists and sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 1.11 [0.95, 1.29]
3 studies · 25842 participants
Moderate

DPP4i vs placebo

Pancreatitis · CVD (ASCVD, HF, or both)

DPP4i probably leads to higher pancreatitis compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors, glucagon‐like peptide 1 receptor agonists and sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 1.63 [1.12, 2.37]
5 studies · 47684 participants
Moderate

DPP4i vs placebo

Fracture · CVD (ASCVD, HF, or both)

DPP4i showed no clear difference in fracture compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors, glucagon‐like peptide 1 receptor agonists and sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 1 [0.83, 1.19]
1 study · 16492 participants
Moderate

Organised inpatient (stroke unit) care vs alternative service

Poor outcome by the end of scheduled · adults with acute stroke

Organised inpatient (stroke unit) care probably leads to lower poor outcome by the end of scheduled compared with alternative service (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Organised inpatient (stroke unit) care for stroke: network meta‐analysis 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.77 [0.69, 0.87]
26 studies · 5336 participants
Moderate

Stroke ward vs general medical ward

Death or institutional care by the end of · adults with acute stroke

Stroke ward probably leads to lower death or institutional care by the end of scheduled compared with general medical ward (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Organised inpatient (stroke unit) care for stroke: network meta‐analysis 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.74 [0.63, 0.87]
13 studies · 2924 participants
Moderate

Stroke ward vs general medical ward

Death or dependency · adults with acute stroke

Stroke ward probably leads to lower death or dependency by the end of scheduled compared with general medical ward (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Organised inpatient (stroke unit) care for stroke: network meta‐analysis 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.75 [0.64, 0.88]
12 studies · 2839 participants
Moderate

Stroke ward vs general medical ward

Health status and quality of life · adults with acute stroke

1 finding from 1 review

Organised inpatient (stroke unit) care for stroke: network meta‐analysis 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 535 participants
Very low

Stroke ward vs general medical ward

Participant satisfaction or preference · adults with acute stroke

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Organised inpatient (stroke unit) care for stroke: network meta‐analysis 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Stroke ward vs general medical ward

Length of hospital stay · adults with acute stroke

Stroke ward showed no clear difference in length of stay (days) in a hospital or institution (Analysis 2.5) compared with general medical ward (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Organised inpatient (stroke unit) care for stroke: network meta‐analysis 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
SMD 0.13
10 studies · 2547 participants
Low

Mobile stroke team vs general medical ward

Poor outcome by the end of scheduled · adults with acute stroke

Mobile stroke team showed no clear difference in poor outcome by the end of scheduled compared with general medical ward (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Organised inpatient (stroke unit) care for stroke: network meta‐analysis 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.8 [0.52, 1.22]
2 studies · 438 participants
Low