Shock wave lithotripsy may leads to lower serious adverse events or complications of treatment compared with mini‐percutaneous nephrolithotripsy (low certainty).
Shock wave lithotripsy may leads to higher secondary procedures compared with mini‐percutaneous nephrolithotripsy (low certainty).
It is very uncertain whether percutaneous nephrolithotripsy changes stone‐free rate compared with tubeless percutaneous nephrolithotripsy (very low certainty).
It is very uncertain whether percutaneous nephrolithotripsy changes serious adverse events or complications of treatments compared with tubeless percutaneous nephrolithotripsy (very low certainty).
It is very uncertain whether percutaneous nephrolithotripsy changes secondary procedures compared with tubeless percutaneous nephrolithotripsy (very low certainty).
It is very uncertain whether shock wave lithotripsy changes serious adverse events or complications of treatment compared with dissolution therapy (very low certainty).
Percutaneous nephrolithotripsy showed no clear difference in stone‐free rate compared with tubeless mini‐percutaneous nephrolithotripsy (moderate certainty).
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
Alpha‐blockers may leads to higher stone‐free rate compared with placebo with/without analgesics (low certainty).
It is very uncertain whether alpha‐blockers changes secondary procedures for residual fragments compared with placebo with/without analgesics (very low certainty).
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
It is very uncertain whether shock wave lithotripsy changes secondary procedures for residual fragments compared with dissolution therapy (very low certainty).
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
It is very uncertain whether slow shock wave lithotripsy changes stone‐free rate compared with rapid shock wave lithotripsy (very low certainty).