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What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

1,923 questions · 1,956 findings · 143 reviews · Musculoskeletal

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No studies found 555 · 28.4%GRADE not reported 107 · 5.5%Very low 255 · 13%Low 555 · 28.4%Moderate 357 · 18.3%High 127 · 6.5%

Tramadol vs NSAIDs

Number of participants reporting an adverse event · patients with osteoarthritis

Tramadol alone probably leads to higher number of participants experiencing any adverse event compared with NSAIDs (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Tramadol vs NSAIDs

Withdrawals due to adverse events · patients with osteoarthritis

Tramadol alone may leads to higher number of participants who withdrew due to adverse events compared with NSAIDs (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Tramadol vs NSAIDs

Number of participants experiencing any serious adverse events · patients with osteoarthritis

It is very uncertain whether tramadol alone changes number of participants experiencing any serious adverse events compared with NSAIDs (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Tramadol vs other opioids

Outcomesa · patients with osteoarthritis

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Tramadol vs other opioids

Physical function · patients with osteoarthritis

Tramadol alone probably leads to higher physical function compared with other opioids (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Tramadol vs other opioids

Number of participants reporting an adverse event · patients with osteoarthritis

It is very uncertain whether tramadol alone changes number of participants experiencing any adverse event compared with other opioids (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Tramadol vs other opioids

Withdrawals due to adverse events · patients with osteoarthritis

Tramadol alone may leads to higher number of participants who withdrew due to adverse events compared with other opioids (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Tramadol vs placebo

Physical function · Patients with osteoarthritis of the knee or hip
1 finding from 1 review

Tramadol vs other opioids

Number of participants experiencing any serious adverse events · patients with osteoarthritis

It is very uncertain whether tramadol alone changes number of participants experiencing any serious adverse events compared with other opioids (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Tramadol in combination with acetaminophen vs NSAIDs

Number of participants reporting an adverse event · patients with osteoarthritis

Tramadol in combination with acetaminophen showed no clear difference in number of participants experiencing any adverse event compared with NSAIDs (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review