What do systematic reviews say?

Integration of immunisation with other health services vs usual care

Integration of immunisation with other health services may leads to higher proportion of children who received all recommended vaccines by 2… compared with routine care (low certainty).

• Interventions for improving coverage of childhood immunisation in low‐ and middle‐income countries 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.29 [1.16, 1.44]
  1 study · 1700 participants
  Low

Integration of immunisation with other health services vs usual care

Integration of immunisation with other health services showed no clear difference in proportion of children who received the vaccine under study (BCG) compared with routine care (low certainty).

• Interventions for improving coverage of childhood immunisation in low‐ and middle‐income countries 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.97 [0.93, 1.01]
  1 study · 2089 participants
  Low

Integration of immunisation with other health services vs usual care

Integration of immunisation with other health services may leads to higher proportion of children who received the vaccine under study (yellow… compared with routine care (low certainty).

• Interventions for improving coverage of childhood immunisation in low‐ and middle‐income countries 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.13 [1.04, 1.22]
  1 study · 1383 participants
  Low

Integration of immunisation with other health services vs usual care

Integration of immunisation with other health services may leads to higher proportion of children who received the vaccine under study (measles) compared with routine care (low certainty).

• Interventions for improving coverage of childhood immunisation in low‐ and middle‐income countries 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.13 [1.04, 1.22]
  1 study · 1370 participants
  Low

Integration of immunisation with other health services vs usual care

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for improving coverage of childhood immunisation in low‐ and middle‐income countries 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Integration of immunisation with other health services vs usual care

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for improving coverage of childhood immunisation in low‐ and middle‐income countries 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Integration of immunisation with other health services vs usual care

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for improving coverage of childhood immunisation in low‐ and middle‐income countries 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Integration of immunisation with other health services vs usual care

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for improving coverage of childhood immunisation in low‐ and middle‐income countries 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Engagement of community leaders vs usual care

Engagement of community leaders probably leads to higher proportion of children who received DTP3 or Penta 3 by 1 year of age compared with routine care (moderate certainty).

• Interventions for improving coverage of childhood immunisation in low‐ and middle‐income countries 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.37 [1.11, 1.69]
  1 study · 2020 participants
  Moderate

Engagement of community leaders vs usual care

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for improving coverage of childhood immunisation in low‐ and middle‐income countries 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

First‐line thiazides vs beta‐blocker

• First‐line diuretics versus other classes of antihypertensive drugs for hypertension 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  5 studies · 18241 participants
  Moderate

First‐line thiazides vs calcium channel blockers

First‐line thiazides probably leads to lower total cardiovascular events Duration: 1 to 5 years compared with first‐line calcium channel blockers (moderate certainty).

• First‐line diuretics versus other classes of antihypertensive drugs for hypertension 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.93 [0.89, 0.98]
  6 studies · 35217 participants
  Moderate

First‐line thiazides vs calcium channel blockers

First‐line thiazides showed no clear difference in total stroke Duration: 1 to 5 years compared with first‐line calcium channel blockers (moderate certainty).

• First‐line diuretics versus other classes of antihypertensive drugs for hypertension 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.06 [0.95, 1.18]
  6 studies · 35217 participants
  Moderate

First‐line thiazides vs calcium channel blockers

First‐line thiazides showed no clear difference in total CHD Duration: 1 to 5 years compared with first‐line calcium channel blockers (moderate certainty).

• First‐line diuretics versus other classes of antihypertensive drugs for hypertension 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1 [0.93, 1.08]
  6 studies · 35217 participants
  Moderate

First‐line thiazides vs calcium channel blockers

First‐line thiazides probably leads to lower total congestive heart failure Duration: 1 to 5 years compared with first‐line calcium channel blockers (moderate certainty).

• First‐line diuretics versus other classes of antihypertensive drugs for hypertension 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.74 [0.66, 0.82]
  6 studies · 35217 participants
  Moderate

First‐line thiazides vs calcium channel blockers

First‐line thiazides may leads to lower withdrawals due to adverse effects Duration: 1 to 5 years compared with first‐line calcium channel blockers (low certainty).

• First‐line diuretics versus other classes of antihypertensive drugs for hypertension 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.81 [0.75, 0.88]
  7 studies · 33908 participants
  Low

First‐line thiazides vs ACE inhibitor

First‐line thiazides showed no clear difference in total mortality Duration: 1 to 5 years compared with first‐line ACE inhibitors (moderate certainty).

• First‐line diuretics versus other classes of antihypertensive drugs for hypertension 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1 [0.95, 1.07]
  3 studies · 30961 participants
  Moderate

First‐line thiazides vs ACE inhibitor

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• First‐line diuretics versus other classes of antihypertensive drugs for hypertension 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

First‐line thiazides vs ACE inhibitor

First‐line thiazides showed no clear difference in total cardiovascular events Duration: 2.6 to 5 years compared with first‐line ACE inhibitors (low certainty).

• First‐line diuretics versus other classes of antihypertensive drugs for hypertension 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.97 [0.92, 1.02]
  3 studies · 30900 participants
  Low

First‐line thiazides vs ACE inhibitor

First‐line thiazides probably leads to lower total stroke Duration: 2.6 to 5 years compared with first‐line ACE inhibitors (moderate certainty).

• First‐line diuretics versus other classes of antihypertensive drugs for hypertension 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.89 [0.8, 0.99]
  3 studies · 30900 participants
  Moderate