Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

4,860 questions · 64,864 findings · 4,913 reviews · Headline outcomes only

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No studies found 13,869 · 21.4%GRADE not reported 3,491 · 5.4%Very low 16,300 · 25.1%Low 17,338 · 26.7%Moderate 10,900 · 16.8%High 2,966 · 4.6%

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Motivational interviewing vs no intervention

Readiness for change · people with substance use (adults, young adults, adolescents)

1 finding from 1 review

Motivational interviewing for substance use reduction 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
5 studies · 1495 participants
Very low

Motivational interviewing vs no intervention

Retention in treatment · people with substance use (adults, young adults, adolescents)

1 finding from 1 review

Motivational interviewing for substance use reduction 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 427 participants
Very low

Motivational interviewing vs treatment

Extent of substance use at short‐term · people with substance use (adults, young adults, adolescents)

2 findings from 1 review

Motivational interviewing for substance use reduction 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
5 studies · 976 participants
Very low
Motivational interviewing for substance use reduction 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
14 studies · 3066 participants
Low

Motivational interviewing vs treatment

Extent of substance use at medium‐term · people with substance use (adults, young adults, adolescents)

1 finding from 1 review

Motivational interviewing for substance use reduction 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
9 studies · 1624 participants
Low

Surgical vs non‐surgical treatment

Number of participants sustaining recurrent patellar dislocation · people with lateral patellar dislocation

It is very uncertain whether surgical changes number of participants sustaining recurrent patellar dislocationa compared with non‐surgical treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Surgical versus non‐surgical interventions for treating patellar dislocation 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.55 [0.4, 0.75]
8 studies · 438 participants
Very low

Surgical vs non‐surgical treatment

Kujala patellofemoral disorders score Scale from: 0 to 100 (higher scores = better function) · people with lateral patellar dislocation

It is very uncertain whether surgical changes knee and physical functiona Measured using the Kujala patellofemoral… compared with non‐surgical treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Surgical versus non‐surgical interventions for treating patellar dislocation 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
MD 5.73
7 studies · 401 participants
Very low

Surgical vs non‐surgical treatment

Adverse effects of treatment Overall incidence of complications · people with lateral patellar dislocation

It is very uncertain whether surgical changes adverse effects of treatment Overall incidence of complications compared with non‐surgical treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Surgical versus non‐surgical interventions for treating patellar dislocation 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 2.21 [0.73, 6.66]
2 studies · 144 participants
Very low

Surgical vs non‐surgical treatment

Patient satisfactiona Reported as 'good' or 'excellent'. · people with lateral patellar dislocation

It is very uncertain whether surgical changes patient satisfactiona Reported as 'good' or 'excellent'. compared with non‐surgical treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Surgical versus non‐surgical interventions for treating patellar dislocation 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.01 [0.74, 1.38]
3 studies · 176 participants
Very low

Surgical vs non‐surgical treatment

Patient‐reported knee instabilitya Incidence of patellar subluxation · people with lateral patellar dislocation

It is very uncertain whether surgical changes patient‐reported knee instabilitya Incidence of patellar subluxation compared with non‐surgical treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Surgical versus non‐surgical interventions for treating patellar dislocation 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.75 [0.5, 1.12]
5 studies · 256 participants
Very low

Surgical vs non‐surgical treatment

Subsequent requirement for surgery (re‐operations) for complications Incidence · people with lateral patellar dislocation

It is very uncertain whether surgical changes subsequent requirement for surgery (reoperations) for complicationsa… compared with non‐surgical treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Surgical versus non‐surgical interventions for treating patellar dislocation 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.45 [0.07, 2.73]
3 studies · 195 participants
Very low

Health education vs usual care

Proportion of children who received DTP3 or Penta 3 by 1 year of age · children under 5 years of age

Health education may leads to higher proportion of children who received DTP3/Penta 3 by 1 year of age compared with routine care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for improving coverage of childhood immunisation in low‐ and middle‐income countries 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.36 [1.15, 1.62]
6 studies · 4375 participants
Low

Health education vs usual care

Occurrence of vaccine‐preventable diseases · children under 5 years of age

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for improving coverage of childhood immunisation in low‐ and middle‐income countries 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Engagement of community leaders vs usual care

Proportion of children who received the vaccine under study (measles) · children under 5 years of age

Engagement of community leaders probably leads to higher proportion of children who received the vaccine under study (measles) compared with routine care (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for improving coverage of childhood immunisation in low‐ and middle‐income countries 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.96 [1.61, 2.39]
1 study · 1227 participants
Moderate

Engagement of community leaders vs usual care

Proportion of children under 5 years of age fully immunised with all scheduled vaccines · children under 5 years of age

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for improving coverage of childhood immunisation in low‐ and middle‐income countries 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Engagement of community leaders vs usual care

Occurrence of vaccine‐preventable diseases · children under 5 years of age

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for improving coverage of childhood immunisation in low‐ and middle‐income countries 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Engagement of community leaders vs usual care

Cost of the intervention · children under 5 years of age

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for improving coverage of childhood immunisation in low‐ and middle‐income countries 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Engagement of community leaders vs usual care

Adverse events · children under 5 years of age

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for improving coverage of childhood immunisation in low‐ and middle‐income countries 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Health education vs usual care

Cost of the intervention · children under 5 years of age

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for improving coverage of childhood immunisation in low‐ and middle‐income countries 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Health education vs usual care

Adverse events · children under 5 years of age

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for improving coverage of childhood immunisation in low‐ and middle‐income countries 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Monetary incentives vs usual care

Proportion of children who received DTP3 or Penta 3 by 1 year of age · children under 5 years of age

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for improving coverage of childhood immunisation in low‐ and middle‐income countries 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found