Percentage of bleeding on probing (BOP) · Adults undergoing orthodontic treatment
No clear difference in bleeding on probing between aligners and fixed appliances in adults at 6-12 weeks (MD -0.26, 95% CI -0.77 to 0.26; very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Amount of crowding · Children or adolescents (aged 16 years old or under) receiving orthodontic treatment to prevent or correct crowded teeth
It is very uncertain whether extraction of third molars (wisdom teeth) changes amount of crowding (Little's Irregularity Index, change) at 5 years compared with no active treatment (control) (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Size of the lower jaw (arch length) · Children or adolescents (aged 16 years old or under) receiving orthodontic treatment to prevent or correct crowded teeth
Lower lingual arch led to higher size of the lower jaw (mandibular arch length) at 1 year compared with no active treatment (control); GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
Crossbite correction · Children and adults with a posterior crossbite, without a Class III skeletal relationship, cleft lip or palate (or both), or other…
1 finding from 1 review
Canine expansion · Children and adults with a posterior crossbite, without a Class III skeletal relationship, cleft lip or palate (or both), or other…
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
Not measured (SoF 5)
0 studies
No studies found
Lower incisor inclination (lingual tipping and retrusion) · Children or adolescents (aged 16 years old or under) receiving orthodontic treatment to prevent or correct crowded teeth
Extraction of lower deciduous canines showed no clear difference in lower incisors to mandible (inclination, degrees) at 1 year compared with no active treatment (control); GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
Costs and cost‐effectiveness · Young people aged 9 to 14 years diagnosed with one or both palatally displaced permanent maxillary canines (PDC)
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
Initiation of white spot lesions (WSL), visual-tactile assessment · People receiving orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances (upper and/or lower full arch)
Sealant use reduced the incidence of new white spot lesions versus no sealant (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Patient-reported outcomes (pain, discomfort and analgesic use) · Young people aged 9 to 14 years diagnosed with one or both palatally displaced permanent maxillary canines (PDC)
1 finding from 1 review
Self-reported VAS pain (Naoumova 2012): pain and discomfort from extraction of the primary canine were low both during and after the procedure and mostly absent at one week; 35% of boys and 50% of girls took one dose…
1 study · 44 participants
GRADE not reported
Crossbite correction · Children and adults with a posterior crossbite, without a Class III skeletal relationship, cleft lip or palate (or both), or other…
1 finding from 1 review
Molar expansion · Children and adults with a posterior crossbite, without a Class III skeletal relationship, cleft lip or palate (or both), or other…
Semi-rapid maxillary expansion showed no clear difference in molar expansion compared with rapid maxillary expansion; GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
Reported improvement in the position of the ectopic canine measured from radiographs · Young people aged 9 to 14 years diagnosed with one or both palatally displaced permanent maxillary canines (PDC)
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
0 studies
No studies found
Patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs) · Young people aged 9 to 14 years diagnosed with one or both palatally displaced permanent maxillary canines (PDC)
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
0 studies
No studies found
Position of the incisors (upper incisor inclination) · Children or adolescents (aged 16 years old or under) receiving orthodontic treatment to prevent or correct crowded teeth
Schwarz appliance showed no clear difference in upper incisors to maxilla (inclination, degrees) at 9 months compared with no active treatment (control); GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
Gingival inflammation-related index · Adolescents/teenagers undergoing orthodontic treatment
A single study reported lower simplified gingival index with aligners versus fixed appliances in adolescents at 1 month (MD -8.46, 95% CI -10.47 to -6.45; ungraded).
1 finding from 1 review
MD -8.46 [-10.47, -6.45]
1 study
GRADE not reported
Molar expansion · Children and adults with a posterior crossbite, without a Class III skeletal relationship, cleft lip or palate (or both), or other…
Fixed tooth-borne expansion (Hyrax) probably leads to higher molar expansion (inter-molar distance) compared with observation (no treatment) (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Amount of crowding (number of children with crowding, mandible) after 1 year · Children or adolescents (aged 16 years old or under) receiving orthodontic treatment to prevent or correct crowded teeth
It is very uncertain whether eruption guidance appliance changes amount of crowding (number of children with crowding, mandible)… compared with no active treatment (control) (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Crossbite correction · Children and adults with a posterior crossbite, without a Class III skeletal relationship, cleft lip or palate (or both), or other…
1 finding from 1 review
Initiation of white spot lesions (WSL), visual-tactile assessment · Patients of any age (11-40 years) receiving comprehensive/fixed orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances
For compomer-based bonding agents, fluoride release did not significantly change WSL initiation (RR 0.71); subgroup not separately GRADE-rated.
1 finding from 1 review
Lower incisor inclination (lingual tipping and retrusion) · Children or adolescents (aged 16 years old or under) receiving orthodontic treatment to prevent or correct crowded teeth
Self-ligating brackets showed no clear difference in lower incisors to mandible (inclination, degrees) compared with conventional brackets; GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review