Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

4,811 questions · 70,850 findings · 5,139 reviews

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No studies found 15,174 · 21.4%GRADE not reported 6,479 · 9.1%Very low 17,330 · 24.5%Low 17,814 · 25.1%Moderate 11,056 · 15.6%High 2,997 · 4.2%

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Non‐pharmaceutical interventions vs control

Time to resolution of primary hemorrhage · people with traumatic hyphema

1 finding from 1 review

Medical interventions for traumatic hyphema 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 137 participants
Low

Non‐pharmaceutical interventions vs control

Risk of secondary hemorrhage; monocular versus binocular eye patching · people with traumatic hyphema

Non‐pharmaceutical interventions showed no clear difference in risk of secondary hemorrhage; monocular vs binocular eye patching compared with control (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Medical interventions for traumatic hyphema 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.77 [0.35, 1.72]
2 studies · 117 participants
Low

Non‐pharmaceutical interventions vs control

Risk of secondary hemorrhage; ambulatory treatment versus bed rest · people with traumatic hyphema

Non‐pharmaceutical interventions showed no clear difference in risk of secondary hemorrhage; ambulatory treatment vs bed rest compared with control (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Medical interventions for traumatic hyphema 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.28 [0.68, 2.4]
2 studies · 189 participants
Low

Systemic aminocaproic acid vs placebo

Final visual acuity 20/40 or better at resolution of hyphema · people with traumatic hyphema

Systemic aminocaproic acid showed no clear difference in final visual acuity 20/40 or better at resolution of hyphema compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Medical interventions for traumatic hyphema 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.05 [0.93, 1.18]
2 studies · 143 participants
Low

Systemic aminocaproic acid vs placebo

Time to resolution of primary hemorrhage · people with traumatic hyphema

1 finding from 1 review

Medical interventions for traumatic hyphema 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
6 studies · 330 participants
Low

Systemic aminocaproic acid vs placebo

Secondary hemorrhage at any time point · people with traumatic hyphema

Systemic aminocaproic acid may leads to lower secondary hemorrhage at any time point compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Medical interventions for traumatic hyphema 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.28 [0.13, 0.6]
6 studies · 330 participants
Low

Systemic aminocaproic acid vs placebo

Adverse event nausea and vomiting (0 to 24 hours) · people with traumatic hyphema

Systemic aminocaproic acid probably leads to higher adverse effects: nausea or vomiting compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Medical interventions for traumatic hyphema 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 8.6 [2.09, 35.5]
3 studies · 131 participants
Moderate

Topical aminocaproic acid vs placebo

Short‐term visual acuity 20/40 or better ≤ 2 weeks after treatment · people with traumatic hyphema

Topical aminocaproic acid showed no clear difference in short‐term visual acuity 20/40 or better ≤ 2 weeks after treatment compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Medical interventions for traumatic hyphema 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.87 [0.47, 1.6]
1 study · 51 participants
Low

Topical aminocaproic acid vs placebo

Medium‐term visual acuity 20/40 or better > 2 weeks and ≤ 2 months after treatment · people with traumatic hyphema

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Medical interventions for traumatic hyphema 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Probiotics vs control

Necrotising enterocolitis · very preterm or very low birth weight infants

1 finding from 1 review

Probiotics to prevent necrotising enterocolitis in very preterm or very low birth weight infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
57 studies · 10918 participants
Low

Probiotics vs control

Mortality before hospital discharge · very preterm or very low birth weight infants

1 finding from 1 review

Probiotics to prevent necrotising enterocolitis in very preterm or very low birth weight infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
54 studies · 10484 participants
Moderate

Probiotics vs control

Late‐onset invasive infection (before hospital discharge) · very preterm or very low birth weight infants

1 finding from 1 review

Probiotics to prevent necrotising enterocolitis in very preterm or very low birth weight infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
49 studies · 9876 participants
Moderate

Probiotics vs control

Neurodevelopmental disability · very preterm or very low birth weight infants

1 finding from 1 review

Probiotics to prevent necrotising enterocolitis in very preterm or very low birth weight infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
5 studies · 1518 participants
Low

Probiotics vs control

Necrotising enterocolitis · extremely preterm or extremely low birth weight infants

1 finding from 1 review

Probiotics to prevent necrotising enterocolitis in very preterm or very low birth weight infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
10 studies · 1836 participants
Low

Probiotics vs control

Mortality before hospital discharge · extremely preterm or extremely low birth weight infants

1 finding from 1 review

Probiotics to prevent necrotising enterocolitis in very preterm or very low birth weight infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
7 studies · 1723 participants
Low

Probiotics vs control

Late‐onset invasive infection (before hospital discharge) · extremely preterm or extremely low birth weight infants

1 finding from 1 review

Probiotics to prevent necrotising enterocolitis in very preterm or very low birth weight infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
7 studies · 1533 participants
Low

Probiotics vs control

Neurodevelopmental disability · extremely preterm or extremely low birth weight infants

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Probiotics to prevent necrotising enterocolitis in very preterm or very low birth weight infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention not reported

Face‐to‐face behavioral intervention vs minimal or no support (Measured 3 to 6 months with CO‐validated prolonged and continuous abstinence, and self‐reported abstinence) · people who use waterpipe

The intervention may leads to higher face‐to‐face behavioral intervention vs minimal or no support… (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for waterpipe smoking cessation 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 2.64 [1.66, 4.2]
851 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Varenicline plus behavioral intervention vs placebo plus behavioral intervention ‐ (repeated point prevalence abstinence (not even a puff/chew/session in the last 7 days) at each of weeks 5, 12, and 25 (combined), verified by CO cutoff < 10 ppm) · people who use waterpipe

The intervention showed no clear difference in varenicline plus behavioral intervention vs placebo plus behavioral… (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for waterpipe smoking cessation 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.24 [0.69, 2.24]
2 studies · 662 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Bupropion therapy plus behavioral intervention vs behavioral intervention alone (continuous waterpipe smoking abstinence, defined as an expired CO of 9 ppm or less at the 6‐month postintervention · people who use waterpipe

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes bupropion therapy plus behavioral intervention vs behavioral… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for waterpipe smoking cessation 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.77 [0.42, 1.41]
121 participants
Very low