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The review found no eligible studies for this question.
It is very uncertain whether pentoxifylline with antibiotics (any dose or duration) changes severe intraventricular haemorrhage compared with placebo or no intervention (very low certainty).
It is very uncertain whether pentoxifylline with antibiotics (any dose or duration) changes periventricular leukomalacia compared with placebo or no intervention (very low certainty).
Pentoxifylline with antibiotics (any dose or duration) showed no clear difference in length of hospital stay (LOS) in days compared with placebo or no intervention (low certainty).
It is very uncertain whether pentoxifylline with antibiotics (any dose or duration) changes necrotising enterocolitis, any Bell stage compared with placebo or no intervention (very low certainty).
It is very uncertain whether pentoxifylline with antibiotics (any dose or duration) changes retinopathy of prematurity, any stage compared with placebo or no intervention (very low certainty).
It is very uncertain whether pentoxifylline with antibiotics (any dose or duration) changes all‐cause mortality during hospital stay compared with pentoxifylline with antibiotics and immunoglobulin M‐enriched… (very low certainty).
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
Cephalosporins showed no clear difference in resolution of symptoms post‐treatment (ITT analysis) compared with penicillin (low certainty).
It is very uncertain whether azithromycin changes clinical cure (bacteriological per protocol analysis) compared with amoxicillin (very low certainty).
It is very uncertain whether azithromycin changes relapse (ITT analysis) compared with amoxicillin (very low certainty).
It is very uncertain whether azithromycin changes relapse (bacteriological per protocol analysis) compared with amoxicillin (very low certainty).
It is very uncertain whether azithromycin changes adverse events (ITT analysis) compared with amoxicillin (very low certainty).
Carbacephem may leads to lower resolution of symptoms post‐treatment (ITT analysis) compared with penicillin (low certainty).
Carbacephem showed no clear difference in resolution of symptoms post‐treatment (evaluable participants) compared with penicillin (low certainty).
Carbacephem showed no clear difference in incidence of relapse (evaluable participants) compared with penicillin (low certainty).
Carbacephem showed no clear difference in adverse events (ITT analysis) compared with penicillin (low certainty).
It is very uncertain whether cephalosporins changes resolution of symptoms post‐treatment (evaluable participants) compared with penicillin (very low certainty).
Cephalosporins may leads to lower incidence of relapse (evaluable participants) compared with penicillin (low certainty).