Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

3,323 questions · 5,762 findings · 263 reviews · Dental caries

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No studies found 321 · 5.6%GRADE not reported 4,450 · 77.2%Very low 455 · 7.9%Low 297 · 5.2%Moderate 200 · 3.5%High 39 · 0.7%

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Ferric sulphate (FS) vs Zinc oxide and eugenol (ZOE)

Clinical failure · Children with extensive decay involving the dental pulp in primary teeth

Ferric sulphate (FS) showed no clear difference in clinical failure compared with zinc oxide and eugenol (ZOE); GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Pulp treatment for extensive decay in primary teeth 2018 · Cochrane All outcomes
24 months
RR 1.20 [0.42, 3.43]
1 study · 50 participants
GRADE not reported

Fluorides combined with CPP-ACP vs Fluorides alone (monotherapy)

Total lesion area divided by total surface area (visual) · Patients with early caries lesions in permanent teeth (non-fluoridated water area)

Adding CPP-ACP to fluorides did not significantly change the lesion-area outcome for smooth-surface early caries lesions versus fluorides alone; not GRADE-rated.

1 finding from 1 review

Efficacy of fluorides and CPP-ACP vs fluorides monotherapy on early caries lesions: A systematic review and… 2018 All outcomes
Post-treatment (8-24 weeks) · In vivo clinical trial (human oral cavity; smooth-surface early caries lesions; visual measurement) · Location of lesions: smooth surfaces
MD 4.37 [-0.51, 9.26]
2 studies
GRADE not reported

Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) vs Ferric sulphate (FS)

Clinical failure · Children with extensive decay involving the dental pulp in primary teeth

It is very uncertain whether mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) changes clinical failure compared with ferric sulphate (FS) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pulp treatment for extensive decay in primary teeth 2018 · Cochrane All outcomes
24 months
RR 0.52 [0.20, 1.39]
3 studies · 130 participants
Very low

Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) + calcium hydroxide vs Formocresol (FC)

Clinical failure · Children with extensive decay involving the dental pulp in primary teeth

1 finding from 1 review

Pulp treatment for extensive decay in primary teeth 2018 · Cochrane All outcomes
6 and 12 months
No clinical failure in any participant (Fernandes 2015); not estimable
1 study · 30 participants
GRADE not reported

Calcium hydroxide (CH) vs Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) + sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl)

Radiological failure · Children with extensive decay involving the dental pulp in primary teeth

Calcium hydroxide (CH) led to higher radiological failure compared with mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) + sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl); GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Pulp treatment for extensive decay in primary teeth 2018 · Cochrane All outcomes
12 months
RR 8.00 [1.06, 60.21]
1 study · 62 participants
GRADE not reported

Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) vs 1:5 diluted formocresol (FC)

Clinical failure · Children with extensive decay involving the dental pulp in primary teeth

Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) showed no clear difference in clinical failure compared with 1:5 diluted formocresol (FC); GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Pulp treatment for extensive decay in primary teeth 2018 · Cochrane All outcomes
24 months
RR 3.00 [0.13, 70.30]
2 studies · 150 participants
GRADE not reported

Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) vs EMD (enamel matrix derivative) alone

Clinical failure · Children with extensive decay involving the dental pulp in primary teeth

Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) showed no clear difference in clinical failure compared with enamel matrix derivative (EMD); GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Pulp treatment for extensive decay in primary teeth 2018 · Cochrane All outcomes
6, 12 and 24 months
RR 0.14 [0.01, 2.67]
1 study · 70 participants
GRADE not reported

Electrofulguration + calcium hydroxide (CH) vs Electrofulguration + zinc oxide and eugenol (ZOE)

Radiological failure · Children with extensive decay involving the dental pulp in primary teeth

Electrofulguration + calcium hydroxide (CH) showed no clear difference in radiological failure compared with electrofulguration + zinc oxide and eugenol (ZOE); GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Pulp treatment for extensive decay in primary teeth 2018 · Cochrane All outcomes
6 months
RR 0.94 [0.47, 1.88]
1 study · 47 participants
GRADE not reported

Erbium:YAG laser vs Formocresol (FC)

Radiological failure · Children with extensive decay involving the dental pulp in primary teeth

Erbium:YAG laser showed no clear difference in radiological failure compared with formocresol (FC); GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Pulp treatment for extensive decay in primary teeth 2018 · Cochrane All outcomes
24 months
RR 1.06 [0.28, 4.01]
1 study · 97 participants
GRADE not reported

Zinc oxide and eugenol (ZOE) vs Formocresol (FC)

Clinical failure · Children with extensive decay involving the dental pulp in primary teeth

Zinc oxide and eugenol (ZOE) showed no clear difference in clinical failure compared with formocresol (FC); GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Pulp treatment for extensive decay in primary teeth 2018 · Cochrane All outcomes
24 months
RR 0.83 [0.29, 2.38]
1 study · 50 participants
GRADE not reported

Total-etching 36% phosphoric acid + acetone-based total-etch adhesive vs Acetone-based total-etch adhesive

Clinical failure · Children with extensive decay involving the dental pulp in primary teeth

It is very uncertain whether total-etching 36% phosphoric acid + acetone-based total-etch adhesive changes clinical failure compared with acetone-based total-etch adhesive (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pulp treatment for extensive decay in primary teeth 2018 · Cochrane All outcomes
12 and 24 months
RR 3.00 [0.13, 69.52]
1 study · 40 participants
Very low

Vitapex (calcium hydroxide/iodoform) vs ZOE + calcium hydroxide + iodoform (MPRCF, unnamed product)

Clinical failure · Children with extensive decay involving the dental pulp in primary teeth

Vitapex (calcium hydroxide/iodoform) led to higher clinical failure compared with ZOE + calcium hydroxide + iodoform (MPRCF, unnamed product); GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Pulp treatment for extensive decay in primary teeth 2018 · Cochrane All outcomes
12 months
RR 21.79 [1.32, 360.78]
1 study · 109 participants
GRADE not reported

Calcium hydroxide (CH) vs Zinc oxide and eugenol (ZOE)

Radiological failure · Children with extensive decay involving the dental pulp in primary teeth

Calcium hydroxide (CH) showed no clear difference in radiological failure compared with zinc oxide and eugenol (ZOE) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pulp treatment for extensive decay in primary teeth 2018 · Cochrane All outcomes
6 months
RR 2.50 [0.50, 12.50]
2 studies · 110 participants
Low

Fluoride varnish vs no treatment

Caries increment in permanent teeth · Children or adolescents

The NMR reported a difference between fluoride in varnish and no treatment at randomisation years 1954 to 1990; no GRADE assessment was reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Graphs of study contributions and covariate distributions for network meta-regression. 2018 All outcomes
At least 1 year or school year · Randomisation year, NMR covariate
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
GRADE not reported

Endoflas (CH + ZOE + iodoform) vs Zinc oxide and eugenol (ZOE)

Radiological failure · Children with extensive decay involving the dental pulp in primary teeth

Endoflas (CH + ZOE + iodoform) showed no clear difference in radiological failure compared with zinc oxide and eugenol (ZOE) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pulp treatment for extensive decay in primary teeth 2018 · Cochrane All outcomes
6 months
RR 0.26 [0.05, 1.50]
2 studies · 80 participants
Moderate

Metapex (calcium hydroxide/iodoform) vs Zinc oxide and eugenol (ZOE)

Radiological failure · Children with extensive decay involving the dental pulp in primary teeth

Metapex (calcium hydroxide/iodoform) showed no clear difference in radiological failure compared with zinc oxide and eugenol (ZOE) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pulp treatment for extensive decay in primary teeth 2018 · Cochrane All outcomes
12 months
RR 1.00 [0.31, 3.27]
2 studies · 62 participants
Moderate

Placebo vs no treatment

Caries increment, surface index D(M)FS · Children or adolescents

In the illustrative network meta-regression the SMD for caries increment differed between placebo and no treatment at randomization years 1970 to 1990; certainty was not graded.

1 finding from 1 review

Graphs of study contributions and covariate distributions for network meta-regression. 2018 All outcomes
At least 1 year or school year · Network meta-regression covariate: randomization year
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
GRADE not reported

Fluoride in dentifrice vs no treatment

Caries increment in permanent teeth · Children or adolescents

The NMR reported a difference between fluoride in dentifrice and no treatment at every displayed randomisation year; no GRADE assessment was reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Graphs of study contributions and covariate distributions for network meta-regression. 2018 All outcomes
At least 1 year or school year · Randomisation year, NMR covariate
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
GRADE not reported

Metapex (calcium hydroxide/iodoform) vs Zinc oxide and propolis (ZOP)

Radiological failure · Children with extensive decay involving the dental pulp in primary teeth

Metapex (calcium hydroxide/iodoform) showed no clear difference in radiological failure compared with zinc oxide and propolis (ZOP); GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Pulp treatment for extensive decay in primary teeth 2018 · Cochrane All outcomes
12 months
RR 0.80 [0.26, 2.45]
1 study · 32 participants
GRADE not reported

Portland cement (PC) vs Full strength formocresol (FC)

Clinical failure · Children with extensive decay involving the dental pulp in primary teeth

Portland cement (PC) showed no clear difference in clinical failure compared with full strength formocresol (FC); GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Pulp treatment for extensive decay in primary teeth 2018 · Cochrane All outcomes
6, 12 and 24 months
RR 2.00 [0.19, 21.06]
1 study · 70 participants
GRADE not reported