What do systematic reviews say?

Single‐use (sterile) catheter vs multiple‐use (clean) catheter

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Intermittent catheter techniques, strategies and designs for managing long‐term bladder conditions 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Hydrophilic‐coated catheter vs uncoated catheter

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Intermittent catheter techniques, strategies and designs for managing long‐term bladder conditions 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Aseptic technique vs clean technique

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Intermittent catheter techniques, strategies and designs for managing long‐term bladder conditions 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Electrical stimulation vs sham

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Electrical stimulation with non‐implanted devices for stress urinary incontinence in women 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Electrical stimulation vs pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Electrical stimulation with non‐implanted devices for stress urinary incontinence in women 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Electrical stimulation vs vaginal cones alone

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Electrical stimulation with non‐implanted devices for stress urinary incontinence in women 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Electrical stimulation vs PFMT plus vaginal cones

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Electrical stimulation with non‐implanted devices for stress urinary incontinence in women 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Electrical stimulation vs drug therapy

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Electrical stimulation with non‐implanted devices for stress urinary incontinence in women 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

PFMT added to electrical stimulation vs pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Electrical stimulation with non‐implanted devices for stress urinary incontinence in women 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Electrical stimulation plus surgery vs surgery

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Electrical stimulation with non‐implanted devices for stress urinary incontinence in women 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Surface ES vs intravaginal ES

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Electrical stimulation with non‐implanted devices for stress urinary incontinence in women 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Electrical stimulation vs No active treatment (control)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Electrical stimulation with non‐implanted devices for stress urinary incontinence in women 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

PFMT added to electrical stimulation vs pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT)

• Electrical stimulation with non‐implanted electrodes for overactive bladder in adults 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported

Any skin care procedure (method or frequency of application) vs any unstructured skin care procedure

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for preventing and treating incontinence‐associated dermatitis in adults 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Any method of application of a topical skin care product vs another method of application of the topical skin care product

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for preventing and treating incontinence‐associated dermatitis in adults 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Any frequency of application of a topical skin care product vs another frequency of application of the topical skin care product

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for preventing and treating incontinence‐associated dermatitis in adults 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Low intensity ES plus PFMT vs maximal intensity ES plus PFMT

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Electrical stimulation with non‐implanted devices for stress urinary incontinence in women 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Conventional ES plus PFMT vs dynamic ES plus PFMT

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Electrical stimulation with non‐implanted devices for stress urinary incontinence in women 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Any topical skin care product vs another topical skin care product

• Interventions for preventing and treating incontinence‐associated dermatitis in adults 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 39 participants
  Very low