Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

4,918 questions · 5,537 findings · 1,803 reviews

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No studies found 1,309 · 23.6%GRADE not reported 440 · 7.9%Very low 1,560 · 28.2%Low 1,292 · 23.3%Moderate 751 · 13.6%High 185 · 3.3%

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Intervention not reported

Serious adverse events · ≥ 15‐year‐old people with late second stage human African gambiense trypanosomiasis (trypanosomes in blood or nymph node fluid and WBC >…

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes serious adverse events (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Chemotherapy for second‐stage human African trypanosomiasis: drugs in use 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.17 [0.64, 2.17]
1 study · 394 participants
Very low

Oral 5‐ASA vs SASP

Serious adverse events · Patients with active mild to moderate ulcerative colitis

Oral 5‐ASA showed no clear difference in serious adverse events compared with SASP (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral 5‐aminosalicylic acid for induction of remission in ulcerative colitis 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.36 [0.28, 6.52]
2 studies · 107 participants
Low

Once daily dosing vs conventional dosing

Serious adverse events · Patients with active mild to moderate ulcerative colitis

Once daily dosing showed no clear difference in serious adverse events compared with conventional dosing (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral 5‐aminosalicylic acid for induction of remission in ulcerative colitis 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.34 [0.68, 2.66]
4 studies · 1586 participants
Low

Oral 5‐ASA vs 5‐aminosalicylic acid (5‐ASA) (mesalazine)

Serious adverse events · Patients with active mild to moderate ulcerative colitis

Oral 5‐ASA showed no clear difference in serious adverse events compared with comparator 5‐ASA (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral 5‐aminosalicylic acid for induction of remission in ulcerative colitis 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.59 [0.22, 1.56]
4 studies · 677 participants
Low

Oral 5‐ASA vs placebo

Serious adverse events · Patients with active mild to moderate ulcerative colitis

Oral 5‐ASA showed no clear difference in serious adverse events compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral 5‐aminosalicylic acid for induction of remission in ulcerative colitis 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.53 [0.18, 1.56]
4 studies · 746 participants
Low

Oral 5‐aminosalicylic acid vs sulfasalazine

Serious adverse events · Patients with quiescent ulcerative colitis

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Oral 5‐aminosalicylic acid for maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Once daily dosing vs conventional dosing

Serious adverse events · Patients with quiescent ulcerative colitis

Once‐daily dosing showed no clear difference in serious adverse events compared with conventional dosing (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral 5‐aminosalicylic acid for maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.2 [0.77, 1.87]
7 studies · 3196 participants
Moderate

Oral 5‐aminosalicylic acid vs 5‐aminosalicylic acid (5‐ASA) (mesalazine)

Serious adverse events · Patients with quiescent ulcerative colitis

Oral 5‐aminosalicylic acid showed no clear difference in serious adverse events compared with comparator 5‐aminosalicylic acid formulation (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral 5‐aminosalicylic acid for maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.56 [0.14, 2.22]
1 study · 95 participants
Low

Oral 5‐aminosalicylic acid vs placebo

Serious adverse events · Patients with quiescent ulcerative colitis

Oral 5‐aminosalicylic acid showed no clear difference in serious adverse events compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral 5‐aminosalicylic acid for maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.6 [0.19, 1.84]
3 studies · 826 participants
Low

Rituximab vs cyclophosphamide

Serious adverse events · adults with renal vasculitis

Rituximab showed no clear difference in serious adverse events compared with cyclophosphamide (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for renal vasculitis in adults 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.11 [0.72, 1.71]
2 studies · 241 participants
Moderate

Mycophenolate mofetil vs cyclophosphamide

Serious adverse events · adults with renal vasculitis

Mycophenolate mofetil may leads to higher serious adverse events compared with cyclophosphamide (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for renal vasculitis in adults 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.25
1 study · 140 participants
Low

Azathioprine vs cyclophosphamide

Serious adverse events · adults with renal vasculitis for maintenance therapy

Azathioprine showed no clear difference in serious adverse events compared with cyclophosphamide (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for renal vasculitis in adults 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.18 [0.45, 3.07]
1 study · 144 participants
Moderate

Oral contraceptive pill (OCP) vs metformin combined with OCP

Minor adverse events · aAdult women with PCOS

Oral contraceptive pill (OCP) may leads to lower adverse events ‐ Minor compared with metformin combined with OCP (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Metformin versus the combined oral contraceptive pill for hirsutism, acne, and menstrual pattern in polycystic ovary… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.06 [0.01, 0.44]
2 studies · 98 participants
Low

Metformin vs oral contraceptive pill (OCP)

Minor adverse events · adult women with PCOS

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Metformin versus the combined oral contraceptive pill for hirsutism, acne, and menstrual pattern in polycystic ovary… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Oral contraceptive pill (OCP) vs metformin combined with OCP

Minor adverse events · adolescent women with PCOS

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Metformin versus the combined oral contraceptive pill for hirsutism, acne, and menstrual pattern in polycystic ovary… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Metformin vs metformin combined with OCP

Minor adverse events · adult women with PCOS

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Metformin versus the combined oral contraceptive pill for hirsutism, acne, and menstrual pattern in polycystic ovary… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Probiotic + 5‐aminosalicylic acid (5‐ASA) (mesalazine) vs 5‐aminosalicylic acid (5‐ASA) (mesalazine)

Serious adverse events · people with active UC

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Probiotics for induction of remission in ulcerative colitis 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Probiotics vs placebo

Serious adverse events · people with active UC

It is very uncertain whether probiotics changes serious adverse events compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Probiotics for induction of remission in ulcerative colitis 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.09 [0.01, 1.66]
7 studies · 526 participants
Very low

Probiotics vs 5‐aminosalicylic acid (5‐ASA) (mesalazine)

Serious adverse events · people with active UC

It is very uncertain whether probiotics changes serious adverse events compared with 5‐aminosalicylic acid (5‐ASA) (mesalazine) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Probiotics for induction of remission in ulcerative colitis 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.21 [0.01, 4.22]
1 study · 116 participants
Very low

Probiotic + 5‐aminosalicylic acid (5‐ASA) (mesalazine) vs 5‐aminosalicylic acid (5‐ASA) (mesalazine)

Serious adverse events · Patients with quiescent ulcerative colitis

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Probiotics for maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found