What do systematic reviews say?

Pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) with urotherapy vs urotherapy alone

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Conservative interventions for treating functional daytime urinary incontinence in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Voiding education with uroflow feedback and urotherapy vs urotherapy alone

• Conservative interventions for treating functional daytime urinary incontinence in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 133 participants
  GRADE not reported

Timer watch plus standard urotherapy vs urotherapy alone

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Conservative interventions for treating functional daytime urinary incontinence in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) and standard urotherapy vs pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) with electromyographic biofeedback and standard urotherapy

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Conservative interventions for treating functional daytime urinary incontinence in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) with electromyography biofeedback and standard urotherapy vs pelvic floor muscle training without biofeedback but with standard urotherapy

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Conservative interventions for treating functional daytime urinary incontinence in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Pelvic floor muscle training vs anticholinergics

• Conservative interventions for treating functional daytime urinary incontinence in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 47 participants
  Very low

TENS vs anticholinergics

• Conservative interventions for treating functional daytime urinary incontinence in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 61 participants
  Very low

Voiding education with uroflowmetry and feedback vs anticholinergics

• Conservative interventions for treating functional daytime urinary incontinence in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 64 participants
  GRADE not reported

TENS vs sham TENS

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Conservative interventions for treating functional daytime urinary incontinence in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Yoga vs an active intervention

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Yoga for treating urinary incontinence in women 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Electrical stimulation vs pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT)

Electrical stimulation showed no clear difference in adverse effects compared with pelvic floor muscle training (low certainty).

• Electrical stimulation with non‐implanted devices for stress urinary incontinence in women 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 5 [0.25, 99.16]
  3 studies · 121 participants
  Low

Electrical stimulation vs vaginal cones alone

Electrical stimulation showed no clear difference in adverse effects compared with vaginal cones (low certainty).

• Electrical stimulation with non‐implanted devices for stress urinary incontinence in women 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.54 [0.11, 2.7]
  1 study · 52 participants
  Low

Electrical stimulation vs PFMT plus vaginal cones

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Electrical stimulation with non‐implanted devices for stress urinary incontinence in women 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Electrical stimulation vs drug therapy

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Electrical stimulation with non‐implanted devices for stress urinary incontinence in women 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

PFMT added to electrical stimulation vs pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT)

• Electrical stimulation with non‐implanted devices for stress urinary incontinence in women 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 133 participants
  Low

Electrical stimulation plus surgery vs surgery

It is very uncertain whether electrical stimulation plus surgery changes adverse effects compared with surgery (very low certainty).

• Electrical stimulation with non‐implanted devices for stress urinary incontinence in women 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1 [0.37, 2.72]
  1 study · 120 participants
  Very low

Electrical stimulation vs No active treatment (control)

It is very uncertain whether electrical stimulation changes adverse effects compared with no active treatment (very low certainty).

• Electrical stimulation with non‐implanted devices for stress urinary incontinence in women 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 5.96 [0.3, 118.7]
  3 studies · 103 participants
  Very low

Surface ES vs intravaginal ES

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Electrical stimulation with non‐implanted devices for stress urinary incontinence in women 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Electrical stimulation vs sham

Electrical stimulation showed no clear difference in adverse effects compared with sham treatment (low certainty).

• Electrical stimulation with non‐implanted devices for stress urinary incontinence in women 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 2.01 [0.52, 7.67]
  4 studies · 233 participants
  Low

Electrical stimulation vs pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT)

• Electrical stimulation with non‐implanted electrodes for overactive bladder in adults 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported