What do systematic reviews say?

CBT interventions (CBT with and without exercise) vs control (standard care or sham treatments)

• Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) with and without exercise to reduce fear of falling in older people living in the… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  5 studies · 1185 participants
  Moderate

CBT interventions (CBT with and without exercise) vs control (standard care or sham treatments)

• Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) with and without exercise to reduce fear of falling in older people living in the… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 312 participants
  Low

CBT interventions (CBT with and without exercise) vs control (standard care or sham treatments)

It is very uncertain whether CBT interventions (CBT with and without exercise) changes occurrence of falls compared with control (standard care or sham treatments) (very low certainty).

• Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) with and without exercise to reduce fear of falling in older people living in the… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.96 [0.66, 1.39]
  5 studies · 1119 participants
  Very low

CBT interventions (CBT with and without exercise) vs control (standard care or sham treatments)

• Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) with and without exercise to reduce fear of falling in older people living in the… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 314 participants
  Low

CBT interventions (CBT with and without exercise) vs control (standard care or sham treatments)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) with and without exercise to reduce fear of falling in older people living in the… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Non‐invasive ventilation during exercise training vs exercise training alone or exercise training with sham non‐invasive ventilation

• Non‐invasive ventilation during exercise training for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 60 participants
  Low

Non‐invasive ventilation during exercise training vs exercise training alone or exercise training with sham non‐invasive ventilation

• Non‐invasive ventilation during exercise training for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 48 participants
  Low

Non‐invasive ventilation during exercise training vs exercise training alone or exercise training with sham non‐invasive ventilation

• Non‐invasive ventilation during exercise training for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 48 participants
  Low

Non‐invasive ventilation during exercise training vs exercise training alone or exercise training with sham non‐invasive ventilation

• Non‐invasive ventilation during exercise training for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 48 participants
  Moderate

Non‐invasive ventilation during exercise training vs exercise training alone or exercise training with sham non‐invasive ventilation

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Non‐invasive ventilation during exercise training for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Non‐invasive ventilation during exercise training vs exercise training alone or exercise training with sham non‐invasive ventilation

• Non‐invasive ventilation during exercise training for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 67 participants
  Moderate

Non‐invasive ventilation during exercise training vs exercise training alone or exercise training with sham non‐invasive ventilation

• Non‐invasive ventilation during exercise training for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 37 participants
  Moderate

Exercise vs usual care with or without sham interventions

• Exercise for acutely hospitalised older medical patients 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  16 studies · 5174 participants
  Low

Exercise vs usual care with or without sham interventions

• Exercise for acutely hospitalised older medical patients 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  8 studies · 2369 participants
  Very low

Exercise vs usual care with or without sham interventions

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Exercise interventions changes functional ability: new incidence of delirium during hospitalisation compared with usual care with or without sham interventions (very low certainty).

• Exercise for acutely hospitalised older medical patients 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.9 [0.58, 1.41]
  7 studies · 2088 participants
  Very low

Exercise vs usual care with or without sham interventions

• Exercise for acutely hospitalised older medical patients 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  4 studies · 875 participants
  Low

Exercise vs usual care with or without sham interventions

Summary of findings table ‐ Exercise interventions showed no clear difference in falls during hospitalisation compared with usual care with or without sham interventions (moderate certainty).

• Exercise for acutely hospitalised older medical patients 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.99 [0.59, 1.65]
  9 studies · 1787 participants
  Moderate

Exercise vs usual care with or without sham interventions

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Exercise interventions changes medical deterioration during hospitalisation compared with usual care with or without sham interventions (very low certainty).

• Exercise for acutely hospitalised older medical patients 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.02 [0.62, 1.68]
  11 studies · 2730 participants
  Very low

Exercise vs usual care with or without sham interventions

• Exercise for acutely hospitalised older medical patients 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported

Low‐back pain: any exercises + usual prenatal care vs usual prenatal care

Low‐back pain: any exercises + usual prenatal care showed no clear difference in pain intensity measured by a number of different measurements; lower… compared with usual prenatal care (low certainty).

• Interventions for preventing and treating low‐back and pelvic pain during pregnancy 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  7 studies · 645 participants
  Low