Delayed pushing vs immediate pushing (all women with epidural): 3rd or 4th degree tears
Delayed pushing showed no clear difference in perineal laceration (3rd or 4th degree) compared with immediate pushing (all women with epidural) (moderate certainty).
What each review found
Include earlier review versions| Finding | Effect | Studies | GRADE certainty |
|---|---|---|---|
Delayed pushing vs immediate pushing (all women with epidural) Perineal laceration (3rd or 4th degree) · women in the second stage of labour with epidural in situ Delayed pushing showed no clear difference in perineal laceration (3rd or 4th degree) compared with immediate pushing (all women with epidural) (moderate certainty). Pushing/bearing down methods for the second stage of labour (2017) · Cochrane Headline outcomes only | RR 0.94 [0.78, 1.14] | 7 studies · 2775 participants | Moderate |
Findings are shown side by side, never pooled across reviews.
The reviews
| Review | Searched up to | Included studies | AMSTAR 2 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pushing/bearing down methods for the second stage of labour 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only | Not reported | list not extracted yet | Not assessed |
Studies behind the findings
None of these reviews ties its included studies to this outcome in the data here. Cochrane reviews and reviews with headline outcomes only do not list their studies yet.
How reviews are matched to this question
Reviews word the same question differently. Four decision models (TypeSafe's Jev, Liquid AI's d1-ultra, SubQ Snap and Baseten's Elephant) judged each wording of the population, intervention, comparator and outcome against the others; two wordings count as the same when at least three of them agree and none clearly disagrees, and findings count as this question only when all four elements match. Timing, setting and subgroup never split a question: they are shown on each finding.